【转】DIY高性能树莓派OpenWrt无线路由器

chenzhufly

【转】DIY高性能树莓派OpenWrt无线路由器 [复制链接]

概述

树莓派是一款只有信用卡大小的电脑，虽然硬件配置运行图形操作系统会有些吃力，不过对于OpenWrt系统来说，树莓派的配置可以说是相当豪华了：

参数
CPU700 MHz ARM11 ARM1176JZF-S core
Ram256 or 512 MB
Network10M/100M Ethernet RJ45
USB2 USB ports
Memory CardYES
VideoHDMI/Video
AudioYES
SerialYES
JTagYES

700MHZ CPU, 512MB内存，显卡、声卡、串口、JTag、GPIO要啥有啥，这已经是旗舰级路由的配置了。树莓派拥有丰富的GPIO可供使用，相比其他的路由器，树莓派的诱人之处在于那两排丰富的GPIO引脚，为DIY智能设备提供了众多的可能性。

软硬件准备硬件清单

• A 树莓派B型一个
• B TF卡一张(TF转SD卡适配器一个，也可以直接使用SD卡)
• C USB无线网卡一个
• D TTL调试器1个
• SD或TF读卡器一个
  

当然，网线、USB电源和电脑是必须的，这里没有列出。

非常重要：关于USB无线网卡的选型
为了避免不必要的麻烦，尽量选择OpenWrt已经支持的无线网卡。上图中的无线网卡是"必联（B-LINK） BL-WN2210 300M无线USB网卡"，使用RTL8192CU芯片。
USB无线网卡的选择错误将可能是一场灾难，在购买兼容的无线网卡之前，我一直试图使用“MERCURY MW150US”(使用RTL8188EU芯片，OpenWrt不支持)，经过两天的编译、各种配置之后还是无法在OpenWrt上正常工作，浪费了大量时间和精力。这是我编译好的8188eu内核驱动，有兴趣的朋友可以尝试一下配置。

软件清单

• TTL调试器驱动
• putty(通过串口登陆树莓派)
• usbit(USB Image Tool, 用于烧录固件)
• 树莓派gpio图(如果这也算的话)
  

组转

安装OpenWrt

和其他系统的安装方法一样，OpenWrt在树莓派上的安装也是直接将系统镜像烧录到SD卡就行了，比普通路由器的刷机方式简单多了。
首先在http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk/brcm2708/下载系统镜像，文件名为openwrt-brcm2708-sdcard-vfat-ext4.img。

将SD卡通过读卡器连接电脑，备份SD卡的重要数据。然后打开USB Image Tool，选择SD卡的那个盘后点击Restore，选择下载的OpenWrt镜像文件即可开始烧录。

烧录完毕之后将SD卡插到树莓派上就可以上电开机了。通过putty可以看到启动信息。OpenWrt在树莓派上的性能非常好，13秒即可完全载入系统。

配置及优化WAN配置

装好系统之后的第一件事肯定就是让树莓派上网了，我们将树莓派自带的网口作为WAN口使用。
这里有两种方式上网：一种是将树莓派连上家里的路由器的LAN口；如果家里没有路由器的话，可以直接将路由器连上小区宽带进行PPOE拨号上网。
这里我们使用第一种方式(因为树莓派和电脑在同一网段，方便访问luci管理界面)。在putty串口输入vi /etc/config/network命令编辑网络配置文件。将lan的ifname行注释掉。然后添加一个wan口配置。

# Copyright (C) 2006 OpenWrt.orgconfig interface loopback        option ifname   lo        option proto    static        option ipaddr   127.0.0.1        option netmask  255.0.0.0config interface lan#       option ifname   eth0        option proto    static        option ipaddr   192.168.1.1        option netmask  255.255.255.0config interface wan        option proto dhcp        option ifname eth0

使用/etc/init.d/network命令重启一下网络，如果百度能ping通的话说明网络正常，这时可以使用opkg工具安装软件了。

安装luciopkg update && opkg install luci

安装完成之后使用/etc/init.d/uhttpd restart命令重启一下http服务，然后使用/etc/init.d/firewall stop命令禁用防火墙(以便从WAN口访问)，这时在浏览器上输入树莓派的ip地址就可以访问了。

添加无线网卡支持

1.首先安装USB设备支持：

opkg update && opkg  kmod-usb-core kmod-usb-uhci kmod-usb-ohci kmod-usb2

2.安装无线网卡驱动(这里根据实际的网卡选择驱动)：

opkg install kmod-rtl8192cu

3.重启一下树莓派， 检查驱动是否加载成功：

root@Raspberry:~# lsmod | grep 8192compat                  1919  4 rtl8192cumac80211              354713  3 rtl8192curtl8192c_common        33465  1 rtl8192curtl8192cu              59189  0rtl_usb                 8011  1 rtl8192curtlwifi                43783  2 rtl8192cu

4.配置WIFI
检查一下是否自动生成了/etc/config/wireless配置文件，如果没有，使用下面的命令重新生成一个：

wifi detect > /etc/config/wireless

然后编辑无线配置文件：
注意：channel这个配置项的值不能为auto否则无线不能正常工作。

config wifi-device 'radio0'        option type 'mac80211'        option hwmode '11g'        option path 'platform/bcm2708_usb/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/1-1.3:1.0'        option country 'CN'        option channel '8'        option txpower '17'        option htmode 'HT20'config wifi-iface        option device 'radio0'        option network 'lan'        option mode 'ap'        option key 'abc12345678'        option wmm '0'        option ssid 'Raspberry'        option disabled '0'        option encryption 'psk'

确认一下/etc/config/network的lan配置

config interface 'loopback'        option ifname 'lo'        option proto 'static'        option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'        option netmask '255.0.0.0'config switch 'eth0'        option reset '0'        option enable_vlan '0'config interface 'lan'        option proto 'static'        option ipaddr '10.2.2.1'        option netmask '255.255.255.0'        option dns '114.114.114.114 114.114.115.115'        option type 'bridge'config interface 'wan'        option ifname 'eth0'        option _orig_ifname 'eth0'        option _orig_bridge 'false'        option proto 'dhcp'

配置完成之后重启一下树莓派，这时候使用笔记本或Android手机可以搜到Raspberry这个无线网络，输入密码就可以连接了。
提示：不要使用ipad等玩具测试连接，可能会连接失败

BusyBox中文支持

官方的busybox不支持中文文件名，我重新编译了一个busybox，可以在这里下载：
Busybox支持中文功能增强/
注意: 安装之前先使用rm -rf /tmp/opkg*命令删掉opkg缓存，否则会提示md5不匹配错误。

Shadowsock服务

编译github上的shadowsocks只支持rc4和table加密，最后找到了LazyZhu的静态编译版本，对各种加密方式支持良好，下载地址:

Shadowsocks for Raspberry

PPOE拨号

如果想用树莓派作为全职的路由器的话，可以直接将树莓派的网口接到小区宽带进行PPOE拨号。

已知问题无线网络不稳定

在使用过程中，有时候会遇到网页打开非常慢的情况，应该是无线网络不稳定导致的(没掉线，只是传输速度非常慢)。

不支持Itoys设备

DIY的树莓派路由器不支持Iphone、Ipad等玩具，提示无法加入网络错误。

参考资料

• OpenWrt WIKI, Raspberry Pi
• beafuture's blog, busybox for openwrt 12.09 rc1（ls支持中文 ）
• LazyZhu, Shadowsocks 1.4.6 OpenSSL PolarSSL mips/arm/win32 全静态编译, 附交叉编译工具
• badguy001, 成功挂载rlt8188eu芯片无线网卡到703，可配置成热点或客户端，做中继
• cubie.cc, cubieboard上使用8188eu网卡创建软AP
  

ljj3166

挺好玩的
不过每每看到网友们把ARM拿来做路由器
总感觉MIPS在一旁应暗的角落冷笑

huangwarrenus

ljj3166 发表于 2015-2-28 15:23
挺好玩的
不过每每看到网友们把ARM拿来做路由器
总感觉MIPS在一旁应暗的角落冷笑

为什么？ARM做路由器有什么劣势吗？

kyf0722

看了你的帖子，买了和你一样的网卡 BL-WN2210 ，可是还是一样，驱动安装上了，就是wifi出不来，帮我看看看，谢谢

启动日志：
[  528.498188] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null)
[  528.511376] watchdog stopped
[  528.516189] Restarting system.
[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 3.10.49 (bb@builder1) (gcc version 4.8.3 (OpenWrt/Linaro GCC 4.8-2014.04 r42625) ) #3 Wed Oct 1 14:45:22 CEST 2014
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb767] revision 7 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387d
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] Machine: BCM2708
[    0.000000] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 113792
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: dma.dmachans=0x7f35 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=656 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=416 bcm2708.boardrev=0xe bcm2708.serial=0x1aff5d24 smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:FF:5D:24 sdhci-bcm2708.emmc_clock_freq=250000000 vc_mem.mem_base=0x1ec00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x20000000  dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 rpitestmode=1 console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 448MB = 448MB total
[    0.000000] Memory: 450360k/450360k available, 8392k reserved, 0K highmem
[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xdc800000 - 0xff000000   ( 552 MB)
[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xdc000000   ( 448 MB)
[    0.000000]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
[    0.000000]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc03b11e8   (3749 kB)
[    0.000000]       .init : 0xc03b2000 - 0xc03ccb58   ( 107 kB)
[    0.000000]       .data : 0xc03ce000 - 0xc03f5224   ( 157 kB)
[    0.000000]        .bss : 0xc03f5224 - 0xc043f018   ( 296 kB)
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:330
[    0.000000] sched_clock: 32 bits at 1000kHz, resolution 1000ns, wraps every 4294967ms
[    0.000000] Switching to timer-based delay loop
[    0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000000] console [tty1] enabled
[    0.000803] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 2.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=10000)
[    0.000851] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.001001] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
[    0.001657] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.002012] Setting up static identity map for 0xc000f580 - 0xc000f5dc
[    0.003111] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.004527] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.009386] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.010296] bcm2708.uart_clock = 0
[    0.011636] mailbox: Broadcom VideoCore Mailbox driver
[    0.011738] bcm2708_vcio: mailbox at f200b880
[    0.011834] bcm_power: Broadcom power driver
[    0.011866] bcm_power_open() -> 0
[    0.011886] bcm_power_request(0, 8)
[    0.512590] bcm_mailbox_read -> 00000080, 0
[    0.512622] bcm_power_request -> 0
[    0.512645] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
[    0.512764] dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x20201000 (irq = 83) is a PL011 rev3
[    0.794676] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
[    0.816874] bio: create slab at 0
[    0.821870] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.825896] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.831468] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.836988] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.843295] Switching to clocksource stc
[    0.858742] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.863899] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[    0.871148] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.877689] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
[    0.884123] TCP: reno registered
[    0.887403] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.893264] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.899870] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.904817] bcm2708_dma: DMA manager at f2007000
[    0.909612] bcm2708_gpio: bcm2708_gpio_probe c03d7658
[    0.915034] vc-mem: phys_addr:0x00000000 mem_base=0x1ec00000 mem_size:0x20000000(512 MiB)
[    0.925257] msgmni has been set to 879
[    0.929531] io scheduler noop registered
[    0.933476] io scheduler deadline registered
[    0.937851] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[    0.942893] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA memory 5b8f0000
[    0.947938] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA channel 0 @ f2007000
[    0.974384] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 82x26
[    0.992378] brd: module loaded
[    1.000969] loop: module loaded
[    1.005703] vchiq: vchiq_init_state: slot_zero = 0xdc804000, is_master = 0
[    1.015166] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx
[    1.022593] dwc_otg: version 3.00a 10-AUG-2012 (platform bus)
[    1.230126] Core Release: 2.80a
[    1.234590] Setting default values for core params
[    1.240710] Finished setting default values for core params
[    1.447615] Using Buffer DMA mode
[    1.452188] Periodic Transfer Interrupt Enhancement - disabled
[    1.459304] Multiprocessor Interrupt Enhancement - disabled
[    1.466155] OTG VER PARAM: 0, OTG VER FLAG: 0
[    1.471798] Dedicated Tx FIFOs mode
[    1.476711] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: DWC OTG Controller
[    1.482918] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[    1.491484] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: irq 32, io mem 0x00000000
[    1.498296] Init: Port Power? op_state=1
[    1.503490] Init: Power Port (0)
[    1.508086] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002
[    1.516218] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    1.524787] usb usb1: Product: DWC OTG Controller
[    1.530814] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.10.49 dwc_otg_hcd
[    1.537911] usb usb1: SerialNumber: bcm2708_usb
[    1.544559] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.549720] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.555689] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    1.563369] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[    1.570478] bcm2708 watchdog, heartbeat=10 sec (nowayout=0)
[    1.577369] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[    1.582704] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    1.587898] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[    1.595282] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[    1.600957] sdhci: Enable low-latency mode
[    1.647432] mmc0: SDHCI controller on BCM2708_Arasan [platform] using platform's DMA
[    1.657735] mmc0: BCM2708 SDHC host at 0x20300000 DMA 4 IRQ 20
[    1.664910] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[    1.672609] TCP: cubic registered
[    1.677252] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    1.683132] Bridge firewalling registered
[    1.688467] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
[    1.694306] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 20 variant b rev 5
[    1.708161] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[    1.747478] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501
[    1.870235] mmc0: read SD Status register (SSR) after 6 attempts
[    1.884246] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa
[    1.891630] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SL08G 7.40 GiB
[    1.899029]  mmcblk0: p1 p2
[    1.927800] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg
[    1.935922] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00001101
[    2.008910] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
[    2.023691] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
[    2.034288] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2.
[    2.042242] Freeing unused kernel memory: 104K (c03b2000 - c03cc000)
[    2.138039] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=9514
[    2.146400] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[    2.178324] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[    2.183834] hub 1-1:1.0: 5 ports detected
[    2.477606] usb 1-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using dwc_otg
[    2.598098] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=ec00
[    2.606525] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[    2.619083] smsc95xx v1.0.4
[    2.683055] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: register 'smsc95xx' at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.1, smsc95xx USB 2.0 Ethernet, b8:27:eb:ff:5d:24
[    2.777599] usb 1-1.3: new high-speed USB device number 4 using dwc_otg
[    2.899742] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8178
[    2.908208] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[    2.917021] usb 1-1.3: Product: 802.11n WLAN Adapter
[    2.923451] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: Realtek
[    2.929127] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: 00e04c000001
[    5.968833] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null)
鳳lease press Enter to activate this console.
[    8.067864] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    8.104562] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (7038 buckets, 28152 max)
[    8.117123] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    8.136830] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[    8.161294] Loading modules backported from Linux version master-2014-05-22-0-gf2032ea
[    8.171854] Backport generated by backports.git backports-20140320-37-g5c33da0
[    8.184472] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    8.212578] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    8.219589] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    8.242484] xt_time: kernel timezone is -0000
[    8.264883] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[    8.281076] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[    8.287746] cfg80211:  DFS Master region: unset
[    8.292232] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp), (dfs_cac_time)
[    8.305767] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.316586] cfg80211:   (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.327668] cfg80211:   (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.338866] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 160000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.350286] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 160000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (0 s)
[    8.361770] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5730000 KHz @ 160000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (0 s)
[    8.373249] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.384766] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm), (N/A)
[    8.444061] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
[    8.452231] NET: Registered protocol family 24
[    8.476384] rtl8192cu: Chip version 0x11
[    8.618390] rtl8192cu: MAC address: 3c:33:00:08:b6:be
[    8.625288] rtl8192cu: Board Type 0
[    8.631008] rtl_usb: rx_max_size 15360, rx_urb_num 8, in_ep 1
[    8.638664] rtl8192cu: Loading firmware rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_TMSC.bin
[    8.646904] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8192cu
[    8.669241] rtlwifi: wireless switch is on
[   14.062388] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup
[   14.071989] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[   14.472933] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: CN
[   14.497503] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: CN
[   14.505004] cfg80211:  DFS Master region: FCC
[   14.509343] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp), (dfs_cac_time)
[   14.523410] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[   14.534345] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2300 mBm), (N/A)
[   14.545267] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2300 mBm), (0 s)
[   14.556405] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 3000 mBm), (N/A)
[   14.567720] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 59400000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 2800 mBm), (N/A)
[   14.579491] cfg80211:   (59400000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4400 mBm), (N/A)
[   14.591382] cfg80211:   (63720000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 2800 mBm), (N/A)



BusyBox v1.22.1 (2014-09-21 01:38:47 CEST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

  _______                     ________        __
|       |.-----.-----.-----.|  |  |  |.----.|  |_
|   -   ||  _  |  -__|     ||  |  |  ||   _||   _|
|_______||   __|_____|__|__||________||__|  |____|
          |__| W I R E L E S S   F R E E D O M
-----------------------------------------------------
BARRIER BREAKER (14.07, r42625)
-----------------------------------------------------
  * 1/2 oz Galliano         Pour all ingredients into
  * 4 oz cold Coffee        an irish coffee mug filled
  * 1 1/2 oz Dark Rum       with crushed ice. Stir.
  * 2 tsp. Creme de Cacao
-----------------------------------------------------
root@OpenWrt:/#