《CMake构建实战》CMake 构建目标和属性

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《CMake构建实战》CMake 构建目标和属性 [复制链接]

# CMake 构建目标和属性 ## 二进制构建目标 在构建过程中被构建的可执行文件、库文件或目标文件都可以作为二进制构建目标。 ### 可执行文件目标 ```cmake add_executable(<目标名称> [WIN32] [MACOSX_BUNDLE] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL] [源文件...]) ``` 该命令会创建一个可执行文件类型的构建目标，其中第一个参数<目标名称>是必选参数，且应当在项目中唯一。 创建一个小工程实践一下。创建`008`文件夹 创建`CMakeLists.txt` ```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20) project(myProgram) add_executable(myProgram main.c) add_executable(myProgramExcludedFromAll EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL main.c) ``` 创建`main.c` ```c #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("hello world\n"); return 0; } ``` 执行命令 ```bash bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008$ touch CMakeLists.txt bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008$ vi CMakeLists.txt bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008$ vi main.c bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008$ mkdir build bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008$ cd build/ bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008/build$ cmake .. -- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0 -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped -- Detecting C compile features -- Detecting C compile features - done -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Configuring done (0.2s) -- Generating done (0.0s) -- Build files have been written to: /home/bruce/Documents/study/cmake/008/build bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008/build$ make [ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/myProgram.dir/main.c.o [100%] Linking C executable myProgram [100%] Built target myProgram bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/008/build$ ./myProgram hello world ``` ### 一般库目标 一般库目标包括静态库目标、动态库目标和模块库目标。 ```cmake add_library(<目标名称> <库类型> [EXCLUDED_FROM_ALL] [<源文件>...]) ``` 该命令会创建一个一般库类型的构建目标，其中<目标名称>参数是必选项，且应在项目中唯一。 <库类型>参数有以下三个取值。 * STATIC * SHARED * MODULE 实践，创建`009`文件夹 创建 `CMakeLists.txt` ```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20) project(mylib) add_library(mylib lib.c) ``` 创建`lib.c` ```c int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; } ``` 操作过程如下 ```bash bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ vi CMakeLists.txt bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ ls CMakeLists.txt bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ touch lib.c bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ vi lib.c bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ ls CMakeLists.txtlib.c bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ mkdir build bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009$ cd build/ bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ cmake .. -- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0 -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped -- Detecting C compile features -- Detecting C compile features - done -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Configuring done (0.2s) -- Generating done (0.0s) -- Build files have been written to: /home/bruce/Documents/study/cmake/009/build bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ make [ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/mylib.dir/lib.c.o [100%] Linking C static library libmylib.a [100%] Built target mylib bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ ls CMakeCache.txtCMakeFilescmake_install.cmakelibmylib.aMakefile bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ ``` 可以看到最后生成了 `libmylib.a` 可以看到不定义`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS`变量时，默认构建静态库。接下来试验定义`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` ```bash bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON .. -- Configuring done (0.0s) -- Generating done (0.0s) -- Build files have been written to: /home/bruce/Documents/study/cmake/009/build bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ cmake --build . [ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/mylib.dir/lib.c.o [100%] Linking C shared library libmylib.so [100%] Built target mylib bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ ls CMakeCache.txtCMakeFilescmake_install.cmakelibmylib.alibmylib.soMakefile bruce@ubuntu:~/Documents/study/cmake/009/build$ ``` 定义了`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS`后生成了`libmylib.so`动态库。