【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪

shazhongjin

【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪 [复制链接]

<i class="pstatus"> 本帖最后由 shazhongjin 于 2024-11-1 17:56 编辑 </i>

**首先感谢 DigiKey得捷 | 电子工程世界EEWorld 举办的Follow me活动，与得捷电子一起解锁开发板的超能力！**

## 前言

大家好，我是沙忠金，一名电子小白。

本期的主板Arduino UNO R4 WiFi，前期几期一直在使用MicroPython 以及 CircuitPython，对于Arduino一直只是门外汉。一直停留在听说过从来未使用过。一直感觉Arduino会很难有抵触情绪在里面。也是借着这次任务学习一下Arduino。
本次任务还有一个很吸引的点就是，可以学习一下开发板如何与HomeAssistant连接以及传输数据。毕竟有再多再好的板子没使用场景、没有想法也是沦为吃灰的玩具。恰好新房子刚刚装修，也是在考虑智能家居的实际应用场景，新房最担心的就是空气质量、甲醛等问题了。那么本次主题为“【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪”

## 项目介绍

本项目包含以下内容：

入门任务（必做）：搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！

搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)

基础任务（必做）：驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线

搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)

进阶任务（必做）：通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）

搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)

扩展任务(必做，二选一，或根据自己的兴趣，自定义类似难度或更高难度的任务并完成）

■  **扩展任务一：通过外部LTR-329 环境光传感器，上传光照度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据**

搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)、[5591](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/5591/16733167)（LTR-329光传感器扩展板）、[PRT-14426](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/sparkfun-electronics/PRT-14426/7652739)（Qwiic缆线-50mm）

■  **扩展任务二：通过外部SHT40温湿度传感器，上传温湿度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据**

搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)、[4885](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/4885/13694670)（SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板）、[PRT-14426](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/sparkfun-electronics/PRT-14426/7652739)（Qwiic缆线-50mm）

本项目视频及源码：
- 视频 [【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪视频展示](https://training.eeworld.com.cn/video/41250)
- 源码 [【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪代码展示](https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/shazhongjin/634545)

## 开箱及展示
购买的配件有：

[Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)
 [4885](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/4885/13694670)（SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板）
 
 开箱全家福：

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## 任务成果展示及说明

### 一、入门任务
搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！

#### 1. 硬件介绍

本期使用主板是：[Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) 是一款基于32位Arm® Cortex®-M4 Renesas RA4M1微控制器，具有用于 Wi-Fi® 和蓝牙连接的ESP32模块，具备强大的计算能力和多种连接功能。该板SRAM 32kB，闪存256kB，时钟频率为48MHz，USB端口升级为USB-C，并且最大电源供应电压增加到24V。该板提供了一个CAN总线，允许用户通过连接多个扩展板来最小化布线并执行不同的任务。板载的Qwiic 连接器可以方便地创建即插即用风格的项目。
![](https://content.arduino.cc/assets/Newsletter%20Formats%20-2.gif)
![](https://www.eeworld.com.cn/huodong/digikey_follow_me_2024_02/image/Arduino_UNO_R4_WiFi_pinout.png)

#### 2. 搭建开发环境

1. 访问arduino官网 [https://www.arduino.cc/](https://www.arduino.cc/) ，在官网中点击SOFTWARE进入IDE下载界面。
2. 在Downloads下根据您的操作系统选择适合的安装程序，这里我们选择第一项Windows Win 10 and newer，64bits

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3. 找到下载的安装程序“arduino-ide_2.3.2_Windows_64bit”安装后，运行IDE。

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4. 点击在左侧开发板管理，也可以通过菜单“工具——开发板——开发板管理”。安装Arduino UNO R4 Boards，

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5. 将开发板连接电脑，点击菜单“工具——端口”选择开发板板的端口。可以在连接前后对比多出来的端口就是开发板端口。

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6. 点击菜单“工具——开发板”选择Arduino UNO R4 Boards——Arduino UNO R4 WiFi。

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7. 随后我们就可以在主界面上来切换不同端口的开发板设备了。

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#### 3. Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！
1. 我们同时间隔1s控制板载LED灯开与关，以及向串口输出“Hello EEWorld！”。点击上传等待代码编译及上传后。

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2. 点击IDE右上角的“串口监视器”就可以看到开发板向电脑串口输出的消息了。这里还需要注意，开启串口的波特率要与串口监视器的波特率一致才能接收到消息。

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#### 4. 软件流程图

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#### 5. 代码展示

Follow_me2_task1.ino

``` c++
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

while (!Serial)
    delay(10);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  delay(1000);
  Serial.println("Hello EEWorld！");
}
```

运行展示

### 二、基础任务
驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线。
这个任务中有多个任务，我们逐一击破。

#### 1. 驱动12x8点阵LED；
**Arduino UNO R4 WiFi** 带有一个内置的 12x8 LED 矩阵，可用于编程以显示图形、动画、充当界面，甚至玩游戏。
![](https://docs.arduino.cc/static/4e8781177f9c3fe0b5a60c9b7dbf1199/4ef49/matrix-closeup.png)
IDE中为我们提供了丰富的示例项目，帮助我们更快的了解每种功能的使用方法。

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我们也可以通过官方提供的 LED 矩阵工具[Led Matrix Editor (arduino.cc)](https://ledmatrix-editor.arduino.cc/)来自定义自己的动画。然后点击右上角代码图标，生成下载“animation.h”。

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##### 1. 软件流程图

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##### 2. 代码展示

Follow_me2_task2_1.ino

``` c++
#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
#include <stdint.h>

ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;

const uint32_t animation[][4] = {
  {
    0xfff801bd,
    0xd8018018,
    0x31801fff,
    66
  },
  {
    0xfff801bd,
    0xd8018018,
    0x71801fff,
    66
  },
  {
    0xfff801bd,
    0xd8018818,
    0x71801fff,
    66
  }
};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // you can also load frames at runtime, without stopping the refresh
  matrix.loadSequence(animation);
  matrix.begin();
  // turn on autoscroll to avoid calling next() to show the next frame; the parameter is in milliseconds
  // matrix.autoscroll(300);
  matrix.play(true);
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}
```

##### 3. 视频展示

---
更多详细用法参考官方文档：[使用 Arduino UNO R4 WiFi LED 矩阵 |Arduino 文档](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/led-matrix/)

#### 2. 用DAC生成正弦波；
**DAC** —— Analog to Digital Converter 用于将数字信号转换为模拟信号。

由于没有示波器，这里使用开发板的DA0接口来采集正弦波。连接示意如下：

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##### 1. 软件流程图

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##### 2. 代码展示

Follow_me2_task2_2.ino

``` c++
#include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation

analogWave wave(DAC);   // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin

int freq = 100;  // in hertz, change accordingly

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200
  wave.sine(freq);       // Generate a sine wave with the initial frequency
  wave.amplitude(0.5);   //幅值倍数
}

void loop() {
  Serial.print(analogRead(A5));
  delayMicroseconds(100);  
}
```

读取的波形展示

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</p>

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##### 3. 视频展示

---
更多详细用法参考官方文档：[Arduino UNO R4 WiFi Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) | Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/dac/)

#### 3. 用OPAMP放大DAC信号；
OPAMP —— Operational Amplifier 运算放大器，是一种用途广泛且应用广泛的电子元件，属于模拟集成电路类。它的主要功能是放大电压信号，但它们的用途非常广泛，可用于：
- 将输入电压镜像到其输出，
- 放大一个小的模拟电压到其输出引脚，UNO R4 的输出电压范围为 0 至 ~4.7 V，
- 比较两个输入电压并给出二进制“更高”或“更低”输出，
- 集成和区分信号。

连接示意如下：

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#### 4. 用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线。

##### 1. 软件流程图

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##### 2. 代码展示

Follow_me2_task2_4.ino

``` c++
#include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation
#include <OPAMP.h>

analogWave wave(DAC);   // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin

int freq = 200;  // in hertz, change accordingly

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(2000000);  // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200
  analogReadResolution(14);
  wave.sine(freq);       // Generate a sine wave with the initial frequency
  wave.amplitude(0.5);//幅值倍数
  OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED);
}

void loop() {
  Serial.print(analogRead(A4));
  Serial.print(",");
  Serial.println(analogRead(A5));
  delayMicroseconds(100);
}
```

编译上传代码，在IDE点击“串口绘图仪”查看

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##### 3. 视频展示

### 三、进阶任务

通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）

#### 1. 硬件介绍

| 硬件                               | 链接、资料                                                                                                                                                                                   | 图片                                                           |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Arduino UNO R4 WiFi              | [Getting Started with UNO R4 WiFi Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/r4-wifi-getting-started/)                                                     |  |
| Adafruit Sensirion SHT40 Tempera | [Adafruit Sensirion SHT40, SHT41 & SHT45 Temperature & Humidity Sensors Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-sht40-temperature-humidity-sensor) | 
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 |

#### 2. 环境配置

##### 1. HomeAssistant搭建
首先我们先搭建homeassistant环境，这里我使用unraid系统。相较于windows或者是linux上使用命令行会容易许多。
直接在工作台首页中点击“应用”，在应用页面下搜索“homeassistant”。unraid会列出忧患homeassistant的应用。第一个为直接docker拉取镜像的core版的ha，第二个为通过docker安装的虚拟机版的ha也就是os版ha。各个版本差异如下：

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这里我就直接安装docker版ha，安装时需要配置下webui的端口号8123默认即可。点击应用后就会自动拉取镜像并且运行。

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</p>

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在浏览器中输入\[IP]\:\[PORT\] 我这里是http://192.168.2.200:8123/，进入homeassistant的webui界面。

##### 2. MQTT服务器搭建
在工作台首页中点击“应用”，在应用页面下搜索“emqx”。只有一个搜索结果，我们直接安装就好了。

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安装后容器自动运行。

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</p>

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在浏览器中输入\[IP]\:\[PORT\] 我这里是http://192.168.2.200:18083/，进入emqx的webui界面。
##### 3. 配置MQTT

进入homeassistant的webui界面，点击左侧设置标签，在页面中点击设备与服务。
在右下角点击添加集成，在弹出的选择品牌或集成对话框中输入“mqtt”。

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然后选择第一个MQTT。

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输入MQTT服务器的地址、端口、用户名及密码，这里我的homeassistant与emqx在同一网段内，这里我直接填写内网的IP地址，端口为默认的1883。

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连接成功后会提示“成功”，并设置区域。这里直接点击完成即可。

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配置完成后，MQTT设备以及实体情况。

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#### 3. 软件流程图
1. 初始化：
- 设置Wi-Fi和MQTT参数。
- 初始化串口通信。
- 初始化SHT4x传感器。
2. Wi-Fi连接：
- 尝试连接到指定的Wi-Fi网络，最多重试5次。
- 连接成功后，输出连接成功的消息。
3. 传感器初始化：
- 初始化SHT4x传感器，设置精度和加热器配置。
- 输出传感器初始化完成的消息。
4. MQTT连接：
- 连接到MQTT服务器。
- 设置设备名称、软件版本和传感器图标等。
5. 主循环：
- 每隔5秒读取温湿度传感器数据。
- 将读取到的数据通过MQTT发送到Home Assistant。
- 处理按钮命令，控制板载LED的开关状态。

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#### 4. 代码展示

Follow_me2_task3.ino

``` c++
#include "WiFiS3.h"
#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h"
#include "ArduinoHA.h"

#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "arduino_mqtt.h"

char sta_ssid[] = SECRET_STA_SSID;  // your network SSID (name)
char sta_pass[] = SECRET_STA_PASS;  // your network password (use for WPA, or use as key for WEP)

char addr[] = MQTT_BROKER_ADDR;
int port = MQTT_BROKER_PORT;
char username[] = MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME;
char password[] = MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD;

int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS;

// Sensor read intervals (in milliseconds)
const unsigned long sensorCInterval = 5000;  // other Sensor read intervals 5s
const unsigned long reconnectInterval = 600000;

// Last time the sensors were read
unsigned long previousMillisC = 0;
unsigned long previousMillisReconnect = 0;
  
WiFiClient client;
// Arduino Home Assistant integration
HADevice device("arduino"); //HADevice device(mac, sizeof(mac));
HAMqtt mqtt(client, device);
  
Adafruit_SHT4x sht4 = Adafruit_SHT4x();

HASensor sht4_temperature_sensor("sht4_temperature_sensor");
HASensor sht4_relative_humidity_sensor("sht4_relative_humidity_sensor");
HAButton board_led("board_led");

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

while (!Serial)
    delay(10);
    
  Adafruit_SHT4x_Init();
  reconnect();

device.setName("arduino uno r4 wifi");
  device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0");
  
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setName("Temperature");
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("°C");

sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setName("Humidity");
  sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("%");

board_led.setIcon("mdi:fire");
  board_led.setName("Click me A");
  board_led.onCommand(onButtonCommand);
  
  mqtt.setKeepAlive(60);  
  mqtt.begin(addr,port,username,password);
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  mqtt.loop();
  
  char tempbuffer[10];
  char humibuffer[10];
  
  // 非阻塞读取sht40传感器数据 5s
  if (currentMillis - previousMillisC >= sensorCInterval) {
    previousMillisC = currentMillis;

// 获取温湿度传感器sht40数据
    sensors_event_t humi, temp;
    sht4.getEvent(&humi, &temp);
  
    Serial.print("Temperature: ");  Serial.print(temp.temperature);  Serial.println("℃");
    Serial.print("Humidity: ");  Serial.print(humi.relative_humidity);  Serial.println("% rH");

dtostrf(temp.temperature, 6, 2, tempbuffer);
    dtostrf(humi.relative_humidity, 6, 2, humibuffer);
  
    sht4_temperature_sensor.setValue(tempbuffer);
    sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setValue(humibuffer);
  }
}

void onButtonCommand(HAButton* sender)
{
    if (sender == &board_led) {
      if (digitalRead(LED_BUILTIN) == HIGH){
        digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
        Serial.println("LED light off");
      }
      else{
        digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
        Serial.println("LED light on");
      }
    }
}

void reconnect() {
  Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID: ");
  Serial.print(sta_ssid);
  
  int i = 0;
  while (status != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    status = WiFi.begin(sta_ssid, sta_pass);
    i++;
    if (status == WL_CONNECTED){
      Serial.println("Connected to WiFi successfully");
      //Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
      break;
    }
    if(i == 5)
      break;
    delay(5000);
  }
}

void Adafruit_SHT4x_Init() {
  Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initializing...");
  if (!sht4.begin(&Wire1)) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find SHT4x");
    while (1) delay(1);
  }
  Serial.println("Found SHT4x sensor");
  Serial.print("Serial number 0x");
  Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX);
  // You can have 3 different precisions, higher precision takes longer
  sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION);
  switch (sht4.getPrecision()) {
    case SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("High precision");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("Med precision");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("Low precision");
      break;
  }

// You can have 6 different heater settings
  // higher heat and longer times uses more power
  // and reads will take longer too!
  sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER);
  switch (sht4.getHeater()) {
    case SHT4X_NO_HEATER:
      Serial.println("No heater");
      break;
    case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("High heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("High heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("Medium heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("Medium heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("Low heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("Low heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
  }
  Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initialization Completed");
}
```

arduino_mqtt.h

``` c++
// MQTT服务链接
#define MQTT_BROKER_ADDR "emqx.inversedesign.net" // 这里输入你的mqtt服务器地址
#define MQTT_BROKER_PORT 1883

#define MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME "arduino uno r4 wifi"
#define MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD "arduino uno r4 wifi"
```

arduino_secrets.h

``` c++
// 双引号中输入你的 WIFI 账号密码
#define SECRET_STA_SSID ""
#define SECRET_STA_PASS ""
```

#### 5. 视频演示

### 四、扩展任务

#### 1. 硬件介绍

| 硬件                               | 链接、资料                                                                                                                                                                                   | 图片                                                                                                                       |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Arduino UNO R4 WiFi              | [Getting Started with UNO R4 WiFi Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/r4-wifi-getting-started/)                                                     | 
<ignore_js_op>

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                                                             |
| Adafruit Sensirion SHT40 Tempera | [Overview Adafruit Sensirion SHT40, SHT41 & SHT45 Temperature & Humidity Sensors Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-sht40-temperature-humidity-sensor) | 
<ignore_js_op>

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                                                             |
| 攀藤PMS7003——颗粒物传感器                | [PMS7003---激光颗粒物传感器-南昌攀藤科技有限公司 (plantower.com)](https://www.plantower.com/products_16/8.html)                                                                                           | 
<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_849331_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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                                                             |
| 盛思锐SCD41——co2传感器                 | [SCD41-突破CO₂ 传感器尺寸壁垒 (sensirion.com)](https://sensirion.com/cn/products/product-catalog/SCD41)                                                                                          | 
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</p>

</div>
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                                                             |
| DART WZ-H3-NK——HCHO传感器           | [WZ-H3-N型长寿命抗干扰甲醛检测模组-智能传感器模组-深圳市普晟传感技术有限公司-普晟传感-甲醛传感器-一氧化碳传感器-氢气传感器-普晟传感-氢气传感器-氨气传感器-硫化氢传感器-气体传感器-传感器公司 (szprosense.com)](https://www.szprosense.com/?list_28/79.html)                 | 
<ignore_js_op>

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                                                             |
| ENS160                           | [ENS16x Digital Metal-Oxide Multi-Gas Sensor Family - ScioSense](https://www.sciosense.com/ens16x-digital-metal-oxide-multi-gas-sensor-family/)                                         | 
<ignore_js_op>

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</p>

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 |

#### 2. 硬件连接

Adafruit Sht40 通过Qwiic线缆连接到Qwiic I2C插槽，SCD41 与 ENS160 与板载I2C引脚连接。查看Arduino UNO R4 WiFi开发板的原理图I2C的引脚没有没有连接上拉电阻，SCL与SDA分别与3.3v连接一个10kΩ的电阻。ENS160我购买的是已经焊接好的模块，需要一个3.3v和一个1.8v的供电，3.3v供电开发板上直接就可以获得但是1.8v没有直接来源，需要从5v或3.3v降到1.8v才行。经过查询资料以及淘宝，最终选择了AMS1117-1.8。
WZ-H3-NK的TX、RX与A2、A3连接使用软串口SoftwareSerial读取数据，PMS7003与A0、A1硬件串口连接。连接原型如下

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_849383_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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</p>

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</p>

</div>
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元器件与开发板连接关系以及示例程序调试已经逐一调通，下面我们来为这些元器件设计个PCB。这是我第一次绘制PCB，在立创开源平台上找一些开源项目再配合搭配的元器件的基本电路，终于设计出自己的第一个PCB。在漫长的打样等待中。

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<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_849378_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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</p>

</div>
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经过了前几期的活动的不断学习尝试，焊接技术也有了十足的进步。焊接排针、排母这些连接器不需要事先找找感觉了。贴片元器件也是在几次尝试后成功的焊接上，并测试没有短路断路。

<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_849379" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=849379&handlekey=savephoto_849379">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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</div>

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<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_849374" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=849374&handlekey=savephoto_849374">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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</div>

</ignore_js_op>

<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_849377" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=849377&handlekey=savephoto_849377">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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</div>

</ignore_js_op>

合体后的样子

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</p>

</div>
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#### 3. 必要环境搭建
mqtt服务器、homeassistant系统可参考、沿用进阶任务的环境。

#### 4. 软件流程图
1. 初始化：
- 设置Wi-Fi和MQTT Broker的参数。
- 初始化各个传感器对象。
- 设置传感器读取间隔时间。
- 连接到MQTT Broker并设置回调函数。
2. 主循环：
- 每10分钟检查网络连接状态，如果未连接则尝试重连。
- 每30秒检查是否需要开启PM传感器，如果需要则开启并读取数据，然后关闭。
- 每30秒检查是否需要读取HCHO传感器数据，如果需要则读取。
- 每5秒检查是否需要读取其他传感器（温湿度、VOC、二氧化碳）数据，如果需要则读取并发送数据。
3. 数据处理：
- 将传感器数据转换为字符串格式。
- 通过MQTT将数据发送到Home Assistant。

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_857679_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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</div>
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#### 5. 代码展示

本项目中使用到的库

| 库名                         | 用途                                                                          | 项目地址                                                                                                                                                                          |
| -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Adafruit SHT4x Library     | SHT4X 数字湿度 + 温度传感器的库。                                                       | [adafruit/Adafruit_SHT4X: Arduino driver for Adafruit SHT4X temperature / humidity breakout (github.com)](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SHT4x)                         |
| WZ Library                 | 面向`达特WZ-S`、`普晟WZ-H3`、`炜盛ZE08-CH2O`系列甲醛传感器的Arduino开发库                        | https://github.com/leonlucc/WZ                                                                                                                                                |
| PMS Library                | 用于 Plantower PMS 传感器的 Arduino 库。 支持 PMS x003 传感器（1003、3003、5003、6003、7003）。 | [fu-hsi/PMS: Arduino library for Plantower PMS x003 family sensors. (github.com)](https://github.com/fu-hsi/pms)                                                              |
| Sensirion I2C SCD4x        | 这是使用 I2C 接口的 Arduino 的 Sensirion SCD4x 库。                                   | [Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd4x: Arduino library for Sensirion SCD4x sensors (github.com)](https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd4x)                                       |
| ENS160 - Adafruit Fork     | 用于ENS160气体传感器的库。                                                            | [adafruit/ENS160_driver: Driver for the ScioSense ENS160 digital gas sensor (github.com)](https://github.com/adafruit/ENS160_driver)                                          |
| home-assistant-integration | ArduinoHA 允许使用 MQTT 将基于 Arduino/ESP 的设备与 Home Assistant 集成。                 | [dawidchyrzynski/arduino-home-assistant： ArduinoHA 允许使用 MQTT 将基于 Arduino/ESP 的设备与 Home Assistant 集成。 (github.com)](https://github.com/dawidchyrzynski/arduino-home-assistant) |

Follow_me2_expand_task.ino

``` c++
#include "WiFiS3.h"
#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h"
#include "WZ.h"
#include "SoftwareSerial.h"
#include "ScioSense_ENS160.h"
#include "PMS.h"
#include "SensirionI2CScd4x.h"
#include "ArduinoHA.h"
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "arduino_mqtt.h"

char sta_ssid[] = SECRET_STA_SSID;  // your network SSID (name)
char sta_pass[] = SECRET_STA_PASS;  // your network password (use for WPA, or use as key for WEP)

char addr[] = MQTT_BROKER_ADDR;
int port = MQTT_BROKER_PORT;
char username[] = MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME;
char password[] = MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD;

int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS;

const byte PIN_RX = 3;
const byte PIN_TX = 2;

// Sensor read intervals (in milliseconds)
const unsigned long sensorAStartInterval = 30000;  // pm Sensor read intervals 60s
const unsigned long sensorAReadDuration = 60000;  // pm Sensor read intervals 60s
const unsigned long sensorBInterval = 30000;  // hcho Sensor read intervals 60s
const unsigned long sensorCInterval = 5000;  // other Sensor read intervals 5s
const unsigned long reconnectInterval = 600000;

// Last time the sensors were read
unsigned long previousMillisA = 0;
unsigned long previousMillisB = 0;
unsigned long previousMillisC = 0;
unsigned long previousMillisReconnect = 0;

bool sensorActive = false;

WiFiClient client;
// Arduino Home Assistant integration
HADevice device("aiaq"); //HADevice device(mac, sizeof(mac));
HAMqtt mqtt(client, device);

Adafruit_SHT4x sht4 = Adafruit_SHT4x();

SensirionI2CScd4x scd4x;

ScioSense_ENS160 ens160(ENS160_I2CADDR_0);

SoftwareSerial WzSoftSerial(PIN_RX, PIN_TX);

WZ wz(WzSoftSerial);
WZ::DATA hcho_data;

PMS pms(Serial1);
PMS::DATA data;

HASensor sht4_temperature_sensor("sht4_temperature_sensor");
HASensor sht4_relative_humidity_sensor("sht4_relative_humidity_sensor");

HASensor pms7003_pm1_sensor("pms7003_pm1_sensor");
HASensor pms7003_pm2_5_sensor("pms7003_pm2_5_sensor");
HASensor pms7003_pm10_sensor("pms7003_pm10_sensor");

HASensor wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor("wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor");
HASensor wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor("wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor");

HASensor scd4_co2_sensor("co2");

HASensor ens160_aqi_sensor("aqi");
HASensor ens160_tvoc_sensor("tvoc");
HASensor ens160_eco2_sensor("eco2");

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

while (!Serial)
    delay(10);
    
  Adafruit_SHT4x_Init();
  WZ_Init();
  ENS160_Init();
  PMS_Init();
  SCD41_Init();

reconnect();

device.setName("aiaq");
  device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0");
  
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setName("Temperature");
  sht4_temperature_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("°C");

sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setName("Humidity");
  sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("%");

pms7003_pm1_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  pms7003_pm1_sensor.setName("PM1");
  pms7003_pm1_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3");

pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setName("PM2.5");
  pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3");

pms7003_pm10_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  pms7003_pm10_sensor.setName("PM10");
  pms7003_pm10_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3");

wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setName("hcho");
  wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppd");

wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setName("hcho");
  wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ugm3");

scd4_co2_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  scd4_co2_sensor.setName("Co2");
  scd4_co2_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppm");

ens160_aqi_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  ens160_aqi_sensor.setName("AQI");
  ens160_aqi_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("");
  ens160_eco2_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  ens160_eco2_sensor.setName("eCo2");
  ens160_eco2_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppm");
  ens160_tvoc_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home");
  ens160_tvoc_sensor.setName("TVOC");
  ens160_tvoc_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppb");

mqtt.onMessage(onMqttMessage);
  mqtt.onConnected(onMqttConnected);
  mqtt.onDisconnected(onMqttDisconnected);
  mqtt.onStateChanged(onMqttStateChanged);
  mqtt.setKeepAlive(60);  
  mqtt.begin(addr,port,username,password);
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  mqtt.loop();

char pm1buffer[10];
  char pm25buffer[10];
  char pm10buffer[10];
  char ppdbuffer[10];
  char ugm3buffer[10];
  char tempbuffer[10];
  char humibuffer[10];
  char aqibuffer[10];
  char tvocbuffer[10];
  char eco2buffer[10];
  char co2buffer[10];

// 非阻塞检查网络连接并重连 10min
  if (currentMillis - previousMillisReconnect >= reconnectInterval) {
    previousMillisReconnect = currentMillis;
      if (!client.connected()){
        reconnect();
      }  
  }

// 非阻塞开启PM传感器 30s
  if (!sensorActive && currentMillis - previousMillisA >= sensorAStartInterval) {
    previousMillisA = currentMillis;
    pms.wakeUp();
    sensorActive = true;
  }

// 非阻塞读取PM传感器数据 60s 并关闭
  if (sensorActive && currentMillis - previousMillisA >= sensorAReadDuration) {
    pms.requestRead();
    if (pms.readUntil(data)) {
      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
      Serial.print("PM 1.0 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_1_0);
      Serial.print("PM 2.5 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_2_5);
      Serial.print("PM 10.0 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_10_0);

dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_1_0, 6, 2, pm1buffer);
      dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_2_5,6,2,pm25buffer);
      dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_10_0, 6, 2, pm10buffer);
  
      pms7003_pm1_sensor.setValue(pm1buffer);
      pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setValue(pm25buffer);
      pms7003_pm10_sensor.setValue(pm10buffer);
    }
    else{
      Serial.println("PM Sensor No data.");
    }
    pms.sleep();
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
    sensorActive = false;
  }

// 非阻塞读取HCHO传感器数据 30s
  if (currentMillis - previousMillisB >= sensorBInterval) {
    previousMillisB = currentMillis;
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  
      // 获取甲醛传感器WZ-H3-NK数据
    wz.requestRead();
    if (wz.readUntil(hcho_data)) {
      Serial.print("HCHO (ppd): ");
      Serial.println(hcho_data.HCHO_PPB);
      Serial.print("HCHO (ug/m3): ");
      Serial.println(hcho_data.HCHO_UGM3);

dtostrf(hcho_data.HCHO_PPB, 6, 2, ppdbuffer);
      dtostrf(hcho_data.HCHO_UGM3, 6, 2, ugm3buffer);

wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setValue(ppdbuffer);
      wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setValue(ugm3buffer);
    }
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  }

// 非阻塞读取其他传感器数据 5s
  if (currentMillis - previousMillisC >= sensorCInterval) {
    previousMillisC = currentMillis;
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  
    // 获取温湿度传感器sht40数据
    sensors_event_t humi, temp;
    sht4.getEvent(&humi, &temp);
  
    Serial.print("Temperature: ");  Serial.print(temp.temperature);  Serial.println("℃");
    Serial.print("Humidity: ");  Serial.print(humi.relative_humidity);  Serial.println("% rH");
    
    dtostrf(temp.temperature, 6, 2, tempbuffer);
    dtostrf(humi.relative_humidity, 6, 2, humibuffer);

sht4_temperature_sensor.setValue(tempbuffer);
    sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setValue(humibuffer);

// 获取VOC传感器
    if (ens160.available()) {
      ens160.measure(true);
      ens160.measureRaw(true);
  
      Serial.print("AQI: ");    Serial.println(ens160.getAQI());
      Serial.print("TVOC: ");   Serial.print(ens160.getTVOC());    Serial.println("ppb");
      Serial.print("eCO2: ");    Serial.print(ens160.geteCO2());    Serial.println("ppm");

dtostrf(ens160.getAQI(), 6, 2, aqibuffer);
      dtostrf(ens160.getTVOC(), 6, 2, tvocbuffer);
      dtostrf(ens160.geteCO2(), 6, 2, eco2buffer);

ens160_aqi_sensor.setValue(aqibuffer);
      ens160_tvoc_sensor.setValue(tvocbuffer);
      ens160_eco2_sensor.setValue(eco2buffer);
    }

// 获取二氧化碳传感器
    uint16_t error;
    char errorMessage[256];

// Read Measurement
    uint16_t co2 = 0;
    float temperature = 0.0f;
    float humidity = 0.0f;
    bool isDataReady = false;
    error = scd4x.getDataReadyFlag(isDataReady);
    
    if (error) {
      Serial.print("Error trying to execute getDataReadyFlag(): ");
      errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
      Serial.println(errorMessage);
      return;
    }
    
    if (!isDataReady) {
      return;
    }

error = scd4x.readMeasurement(co2, temperature, humidity);

if (error) {
      Serial.print("Error trying to execute readMeasurement(): ");
      errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
      Serial.println(errorMessage);
    } else if (co2 == 0) {
      Serial.println("Invalid sample detected, skipping.");
    } else {
      Serial.print("Co2:"); Serial.println(co2);

dtostrf(co2, 6, 2, co2buffer);

scd4_co2_sensor.setValue(co2buffer);
      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
    }
  }
}

void reconnect() {
  Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID: ");
  Serial.print(sta_ssid);
  
  int i = 0;

while (status != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    status = WiFi.begin(sta_ssid, sta_pass);
    i++;
    if (status == WL_CONNECTED){
      Serial.println("Connected to WiFi successfully");
      //Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
      break;
    }
    if(i == 5)
      break;
    delay(5000);
  }
}

void onMqttMessage(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, uint16_t length) {
    // This callback is called when message from MQTT broker is received.
    // Please note that you should always verify if the message's topic is the one you expect.
    // For example: if (memcmp(topic, "myCustomTopic") == 0) { ... }
    Serial.print("New message on topic: ");
    Serial.println(topic);
    Serial.print("Data: ");
    Serial.println((const char*)payload);
}

void onMqttConnected() {
    Serial.println("Connected to the broker!");
}

void onMqttDisconnected() {
    Serial.println("Disconnected from the broker!");
}

void onMqttStateChanged(HAMqtt::ConnectionState state) {
    Serial.print("MQTT state changed to: ");
    Serial.println(static_cast<int8_t>(state));
}

void Adafruit_SHT4x_Init() {
  Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initializing...");
  if (!sht4.begin(&Wire1)) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find SHT4x");
    while (1) delay(1);
  }
  Serial.println("Found SHT4x sensor");
  Serial.print("Serial number 0x");
  Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX);
  // You can have 3 different precisions, higher precision takes longer
  sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION);
  switch (sht4.getPrecision()) {
    case SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("High precision");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("Med precision");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_PRECISION:
      Serial.println("Low precision");
      break;
  }

// You can have 6 different heater settings
  // higher heat and longer times uses more power
  // and reads will take longer too!
  sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER);
  switch (sht4.getHeater()) {
    case SHT4X_NO_HEATER:
      Serial.println("No heater");
      break;
    case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("High heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("High heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("Medium heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("Medium heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_1S:
      Serial.println("Low heat for 1 second");
      break;
    case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_100MS:
      Serial.println("Low heat for 0.1 second");
      break;
  }
  Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initialization Completed");
}

void WZ_Init() {
  Serial.println("WZ Initializing...");
  WzSoftSerial.begin(9600);
  wz.passiveMode();
  Serial.println("WZ Initialization Completed");
}

void ENS160_Init() {
  Serial.println("ENS160 Initializing...");
  ens160.begin();
  Serial.println(ens160.available() ? "done." : "failed!");

if (ens160.available()) {
    // Print ENS160 versions
    Serial.print("\tRev: ");
    Serial.print(ens160.getMajorRev());
    Serial.print(".");
    Serial.print(ens160.getMinorRev());
    Serial.print(".");
    Serial.println(ens160.getBuild());

Serial.print("\tStandard mode ");
    Serial.println(ens160.setMode(ENS160_OPMODE_STD) ? "done." : "failed!");
  }
  Serial.println("ENS160 Initialization Completed");
}

void PMS_Init() {
  Serial.println("PMS7003 Initializing...");
  Serial1.begin(9600);
  pms.passiveMode();
  Serial.println("PMS7003 Initialization Completed");
}

void SCD41_Init() {
  Serial.println("SCD41 Initializing...");
  uint16_t error;
  char errorMessage[256];
  scd4x.begin(Wire);
  // stop potentially previously started measurement
  error = scd4x.stopPeriodicMeasurement();
  if (error) {
      Serial.print("Error trying to execute stopPeriodicMeasurement(): ");
      errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
      Serial.println(errorMessage);
  }

uint16_t serial0;
  uint16_t serial1;
  uint16_t serial2;

error = scd4x.getSerialNumber(serial0, serial1, serial2);

if (error) {
      Serial.print("Error trying to execute getSerialNumber(): ");
      errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
      Serial.println(errorMessage);
  } else {
      printSerialNumber(serial0, serial1, serial2);
  }

// Start Measurement
  error = scd4x.startPeriodicMeasurement();
  if (error) {
      Serial.print("Error trying to execute startPeriodicMeasurement(): ");
      errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
      Serial.println(errorMessage);
  }
  Serial.println("SCD41 Initialization Completed");
}

void printUint16Hex(uint16_t value) {
    Serial.print(value < 4096 ? "0" : "");
    Serial.print(value < 256 ? "0" : "");
    Serial.print(value < 16 ? "0" : "");
    Serial.print(value, HEX);
}
  
void printSerialNumber(uint16_t serial0, uint16_t serial1, uint16_t serial2) {
    Serial.print("Serial: 0x");
    printUint16Hex(serial0);
    printUint16Hex(serial1);
    printUint16Hex(serial2);
    Serial.println();
}
```

arduino_mqtt.h

``` c++
// MQTT服务链接
#define MQTT_BROKER_ADDR "emqx.inversedesign.net" // 这里输入你的mqtt服务器地址
#define MQTT_BROKER_PORT 1883

#define MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME "aiaq"
#define MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD "aiaq"
```

arduino_secrets.h

``` c++
// 双引号中输入你的 WIFI 账号密码
#define SECRET_STA_SSID ""
#define SECRET_STA_PASS ""
```

#### 6. 视频演示

## 总结
通过本次活动，尝试了自己绘制PCB板、打样、焊接。对贴片元件焊接也初步上手。虽然过程还是很艰难。焊废了几块板子，之前竟敢挑战焊接0201的电阻。也是险些看瞎了眼儿了。通过本次活动对Arduino开发板以及Arduino IDE有了基本了解，后续在学习开发板有了更多的选择。希望能多多参与学习活动，也再次希望Follow me活动越办越好。

【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪 [复制链接]

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