#AI挑战营第一站#Conda+Pycharm MNIST数据集手写数字识别
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1、环境搭建
我用的是Conda和Pycharm开发环境，Conda是一个开源的跨平台包管理和环境管理系统，PyCharm 是一款由 JetBrains 公司开发的强大的集成开发环境（IDE），专门针对 Python 语言设计。
pycharm下载【https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/?section=windows】
conda下载【https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/stable/】
安装上面两个工具后，就可以开始配置环境了，在菜单中打开【Anaconda Powershell Prompt】，然后输入【conda create -n minst python=3.9】命令安装python环境。
安装过程会有个确认，直接回车即可。
安装完成后，使用【conda activate minst】命令，进入minst环境。
之后进入pytorch官网，查询一下安装的命令，我这边选择的是CPU的安装命令【pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio】。
然后需要安装onxx生成工具，执行命令【conda install -c conda-forge onnx】，安装过程提示直接回车即可。
2、项目创建
直接打开Pycharm，新建项目，然后按照图片配置，设置项目环境为conda的minst。
之后新建一个main.py文件，将【https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1277916-1-1.html】的代码复制下来，直接运行，就可以生成数字识别的pt和onxx的文件。
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import StepLR
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, 3, 1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 3, 1)
self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(0.25)
self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(0.5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(9216, 128)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.dropout1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.dropout2(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
output = F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)
return output
def train(args, model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch):
model.train()
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = F.nll_loss(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if batch_idx % args.log_interval == 0:
print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))
if args.dry_run:
break
def test(model, device, test_loader):
model.eval()
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
test_loss += F.nll_loss(output, target, reduction='sum').item() # sum up batch loss
pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True) # get the index of the max log-probability
correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))
def main():
# Training settings
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='PyTorch MNIST Example')
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=64, metavar='N',
help='input batch size for training (default: 64)')
parser.add_argument('--test-batch-size', type=int, default=1000, metavar='N',
help='input batch size for testing (default: 1000)')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=6, metavar='N',
help='number of epochs to train (default: 14)')
parser.add_argument('--lr', type=float, default=1.0, metavar='LR',
help='learning rate (default: 1.0)')
parser.add_argument('--gamma', type=float, default=0.7, metavar='M',
help='Learning rate step gamma (default: 0.7)')
parser.add_argument('--no-cuda', action='store_true', default=False,
help='disables CUDA training')
parser.add_argument('--no-mps', action='store_true', default=False,
help='disables macOS GPU training')
parser.add_argument('--dry-run', action='store_true', default=False,
help='quickly check a single pass')
parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=1, metavar='S',
help='random seed (default: 1)')
parser.add_argument('--log-interval', type=int, default=10, metavar='N',
help='how many batches to wait before logging training status')
parser.add_argument('--save-model', action='store_true', default=True,
help='For Saving the current Model')
args = parser.parse_args()
use_cuda = not args.no_cuda and torch.cuda.is_available()
use_mps = not args.no_mps and torch.backends.mps.is_available()
torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
if use_cuda:
device = torch.device("cuda")
elif use_mps:
device = torch.device("mps")
else:
device = torch.device("cpu")
train_kwargs = {'batch_size': args.batch_size}
test_kwargs = {'batch_size': args.test_batch_size}
if use_cuda:
cuda_kwargs = {'num_workers': 1,
'pin_memory': True,
'shuffle': True}
train_kwargs.update(cuda_kwargs)
test_kwargs.update(cuda_kwargs)
transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
])
dataset1 = datasets.MNIST('./data', train=True, download=True,
transform=transform
)
dataset2 = datasets.MNIST('./data', train=False,
transform=transform
)
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset1,**train_kwargs)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset2, **test_kwargs)
model = Net().to(device)
optimizer = optim.Adadelta(model.parameters(), lr=args.lr)
scheduler = StepLR(optimizer, step_size=1, gamma=args.gamma)
for epoch in range(1, args.epochs + 1):
train(args, model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch)
test(model, device, test_loader)
scheduler.step()
if args.save_model:
torch.save(model.state_dict(), "mnist_cnn.pt")
x = torch.randn(args.batch_size,1,28,28,requires_grad=True)
torch_out = model(x)
torch.onnx.export(model,
x,
"mnist_cnn.onnx",
export_params=True,
opset_version=10,
do_constant_folding=True,
input_names = ['input'],
output_names = ['output'],
dynamic_axes={'input' : {0 : 'batch_size'},
'output' : {0 : 'batch_size'}})
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果如下：
3、总结
环境搭建好了之后，剩下的就是模型生成和处理，MNIST可以说是比较简单的机器学习入门，有兴趣的小伙伴，可以仔细研究这个代码，为以后的模型设计打下坚实的基础。
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