【Follow me第二季第三期】基础任务：quad spi、octo spi、dac和定时器使用

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【Follow me第二季第三期】基础任务：quad spi、octo spi、dac和定时器使用 [复制链接]

<i class="pstatus"> 本帖最后由 EPTmachine 于 2024-12-7 11:09 编辑 </i>

基础任务：quad-spi flash和octo-spi flash配置及读写速度测试；DAC配置生成波形及性能测试;

评估板上提供了很多外设可供测试。借助瑞萨提供FSP(Flexiable Software Package)工具，可以配置外设和引脚的参数，生成相应的驱动代码，用户在此基础上能快速开放相应的应用代码开发和调试。本帖对板上的FLASH芯片读写性能和芯片的DAC性能进行测试。

任务涉及的外设有：
- RA6M5的quad spi
- RA6M5的octo spi
- 板载的Quand-SPI flash-MX25L25645G
- 板载的Octo-SPI Flash-MX25LM51245GM
- RA6M5的DAC
- RA6M5的定时器

## quad-spi flash配置及读写速度测试
在官方提供的ek-ra6m5-exampleprojects.zip中有很多例程可供参考，详情见附件。这里参考例程中的gpt和qspi来完成flahs的配置和读写速度测试。

在gpt的例程中，对通用定时器进行设置，配置为周期工作模式，同时配合Segger RTT组件实现上位机与开发板之间的交互。参考例程的设计，

### 添加Segger RTT模块实现上位机和开发板的交互
将gpt例程中的Segger RTT文件夹和common_utils.h头文件

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添加到新建工程的src文件夹下，

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在其他文件中包含common_utils.h头文件后，就可以使用Segger RTT的功能。

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### 使用定时器进行时间测量

使用定时器的周期性中断功能，在中断发生时，进行时间技术，从而实现时间测量功能，用于计算某段代码的执行时间，从而计算出flash的读写速度。

在FSP的Stacks界面中添加gpt组件

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设置定时器的参数，包括定时器工作模式、中断函数名、中断使能和优先级(设定优先级后默认使能该中断)

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点击生成代码后，在工程中添加gpt_timer.c和gpt_timer.h，其中的代码如下，实现定时器的初始化、启动、Segger_RTT交互功能、定时器回调函数处理。

gpt_timer.h代码如下
```c
#ifndef GPT_TIMER_H_
#define GPT_TIMER_H_

/* Macros definitions */
#define GPT_MAX_PERCENT          (100U)          /* Max Duty Cycle percentage */
#define BUF_SIZE                 (16U)           /* Size of buffer for RTT input data */
#define PERIODIC_MODE_TIMER      (1U)            /* To perform GPT Timer in Periodic mode */
#define INITIAL_VALUE            ('\0')
#define TIMER_UNITS_MILLISECONDS  (1000U)        /* timer unit in millisecond */
#define CLOCK_TYPE_SPECIFIER      (1ULL)         /* type specifier */

/* GPT Timer Pin for boards */
#define TIMER_PIN           (GPT_IO_PIN_GTIOCB)

#if defined (BOARD_RA2A1_EK) || defined (BOARD_RA4W1_EK)
#define GPT_MAX_PERIOD_COUNT     (0XFFFF)        /* Max Period Count for 16-bit Timer*/
#else
#define GPT_MAX_PERIOD_COUNT     (0XFFFFFFFF)    /* Max Period Count for 32-bit Timer*/
#endif

#define START_GPT          (1U)                  /* To Set the period of GPT */
#define CLOSE_GPT          (2U)                  /* To stop of GPT Timer  */
#define QSPIWRITE_MODE     (3U)                  /* To test the qspi flash write function*/
#define QSPIREAD_MODE      (4U)                  /* To test the qspi flash read function*/

/* Function declaration */
fsp_err_t init_gpt_timer(timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl, timer_cfg_t const * const p_timer_cfg, uint8_t timer_mode);
fsp_err_t start_gpt_timer (timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl);
uint32_t  process_input_data(void);
void deinit_gpt_timer(timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl);
void print_timer_menu(void);
uint32_t timer_GetRunTime(void);

#endif /* GPT_TIMER_H_ */
```

gpt_timer.c代码如下
```c
__IO uint32_t g_iRunTime = 0;
/* Store Timer open state*/
uint8_t g_timer_open_state = RESET_VALUE;

extern bsp_leds_t g_bsp_leds;

/* Holds level to set for pins */
bsp_io_level_t pin_level = BSP_IO_LEVEL_LOW;

/*******************************************************************************************************************//**
 * @addtogroup r_gpt_ep
 * @{
 **********************************************************************************************************************/

/*****************************************************************************************************************
 * @brief       Initialize GPT timer.
 * @param[in]   p_timer_ctl     Timer instance control structure
 * @param[in]   p_timer_cfg     Timer instance Configuration structure
 * @param[in]   timer_mode      Mode of GPT Timer
 * @retval      FSP_SUCCESS     Upon successful open of timer.
 * @retval      Any Other Error code apart from FSP_SUCCES on Unsuccessful open .
 ****************************************************************************************************************/
fsp_err_t init_gpt_timer(timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl, timer_cfg_t const * const p_timer_cfg, uint8_t timer_mode)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;

/* Initialize GPT Timer */
    err = R_GPT_Open(p_timer_ctl, p_timer_cfg);

if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** R_GPT_TimerOpen FAILED ** \r\n");
        return err;
    }
    if(PERIODIC_MODE_TIMER == timer_mode)
    {
        g_timer_open_state = START_GPT;
    }
    return err;
}

/*****************************************************************************************************************
 * @brief       Start GPT timers in periodic, one shot, PWM mode.
 * @param[in]   p_timer_ctl     Timer instance control structure
 * @retval      FSP_SUCCESS     Upon successful start of timer.
 * @retval      Any Other Error code apart from FSP_SUCCES on Unsuccessful start .
 ****************************************************************************************************************/
fsp_err_t start_gpt_timer (timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;

/* Starts GPT timer */
    err = R_GPT_Start(p_timer_ctl);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        /* In case of GPT_open is successful and start fails, requires a immediate cleanup.
         * Since, cleanup for GPT open is done in start_gpt_timer,Hence cleanup is not required */
        APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** R_GPT_Start API failed ** \r\n");
    }
    return err;
}

/*****************************************************************************************************************
 *  @brief      Process input string to integer value
 *  @param[in]  None
 *  @retval     integer value of input string.
 ****************************************************************************************************************/
uint32_t process_input_data(void)
{
    unsigned char buf[BUF_SIZE] = {INITIAL_VALUE};
    uint32_t num_bytes          = RESET_VALUE;
    uint32_t value              = RESET_VALUE;

while (RESET_VALUE == num_bytes)
    {
        if (APP_CHECK_DATA)
        {
            num_bytes = APP_READ(buf);
            if (RESET_VALUE == num_bytes)
            {
                APP_PRINT("\r\nInvalid Input\r\n");
            }
        }
    }

/* Conversion from input string to integer value */
    value =  (uint32_t) (atoi((char *)buf));

return value;
}

/*****************************************************************************************************************
 * @brief      Close the GPT HAL driver.
 * @param[in]  p_timer_ctl     Timer instance control structure
 * @retval     None
 ****************************************************************************************************************/
void deinit_gpt_timer(timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;

/* Timer Close API call*/
    err = R_GPT_Close(p_timer_ctl);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        /* GPT Close failure message */
        APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** R_GPT_Close FAILED ** \r\n");
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************************************************
 * @brief      Print GPT Timer menu option.
 * @param[in]  None
 * @retval     None
 ****************************************************************************************************************/
void print_timer_menu(void)
{
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nMenu Options");
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nEnter 1 for Start and Set the GPT timer");
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nEnter 2 for Stop the GPT timer");
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nEnter 3 for Writing Data to QSPI Flash test");
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nEnter 4 for Reading Data from QSPI Flash test");
    APP_PRINT ("\r\nUser Input:  ");
}

uint32_t timer_GetRunTime(void)
{
    uint32_t runtime;

DISABLE_INT();      /*  */

runtime = g_iRunTime;   /*  */

ENABLE_INT();       /*  */

return runtime;
}

void timer_tick(timer_callback_args_t *p_args)
{
    /* TODO: add your own code here */
    if(NULL != p_args)
    {
        if (TIMER_EVENT_CYCLE_END  == p_args->event)
        {
            R_IOPORT_PinWrite(&g_ioport_ctrl, (bsp_io_port_pin_t)g_bsp_leds.p_leds[1], pin_level);

if (BSP_IO_LEVEL_LOW == pin_level)
            {
                pin_level = BSP_IO_LEVEL_HIGH;
                      }
            else
            {
                pin_level = BSP_IO_LEVEL_LOW;
                       }

g_iRunTime++;
            if (g_iRunTime == 0x7FFFFFFF)   /* the variable g_iRunTime expire 0x7FFFFFFF ,set it to 0*/
            {
                g_iRunTime = 0;
            }

}
    }

}

```

编译并烧写后完成后，在上位机打开J-Link RTT Viewer。在File->Connect界面设定参数如下所示：

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其中RTT Control Block中地址需要在工程的Debug目录中的xxxx.map文件中寻找`_SEGGER_RTT`字段。

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点击连接后可以在J-Link RTT Viewer的界面中看到提示用户输入的信息。

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在菜单栏中设定输入的发送方式为按下Enter后发送

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根据提示输入，即可调用不同的程序

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### Quad Flash设置
在开发板上通过qspi接口连接了QSPI Flash。

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在FSP的Stacks中添加qspi模块。

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qspi模块的参数设置如下所示

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通过查看芯片的用户手册可知，读模式设置为"Fast Read Quad I/O"后，QSPI控制器会自动生成相应的控制指令。这样节省了用户编程工作量，可以直接使用内存操作函数，memcpy、memcmp等，提高读写性能。

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!

参考例程中的qspi flash初始化和数据操作，添加qspi flash的驱动代码如下。实现对Flash的初始化、存储块数据擦除、数据写入和读出操作。

qspi_drv.h代码如下：
```c
#ifndef QSPI_DRV_H_
#define QSPI_DRV_H_

#include "common_utils.h"
#include "hal_data.h"

/* QSPI flash page number to be written */
#define PAGE_FIRST                      (0U)

/* QSPI flash page Size */
#define PAGE_WRITE_SIZE                 (256U)
#define TEST_WRITE_SIZE                 (256U)

/* QSPI flash address through page*/
#define QSPI_FLASH_ADDRESS(page_no)     ((uint8_t *) (QSPI_DEVICE_START_ADDRESS + ((page_no) * PAGE_WRITE_SIZE)))

/* Status register pay-load */
#define STATUS_REG_PAYLOAD              {0x01,0x40,0x00}

/* data written to status register */
#define SET_SREG_VALUE                  (0x40)

/* sector size of QSPI flash device */
#define SECTOR_SIZE                     (4096U)

/* one byte data transfer */
#define ONE_BYTE                        (0x01)

/* SREG pay-load size */
#define SREG_SIZE                       (0x03)

/* default memory value */
#define DEFAULT_MEM_VAL                 (0xFF)

/* QPI mode exit command */
#define QSPI_MX25L_CMD_EXIT_QPI_MODE    (0xF5)

/* QPI mode entry command */
#define QSPI_MX25L_CMD_ENTER_QPI_MODE   (0x35)

//
#define RDID                      (0x9F)

#define MX_MANUFACTURER_ID        (0xC2)
#define DEVICE_ID                 (0x18)
#define MEMORY_TYPE               (0x20)
#define MEMORY_DENSITY            (0x19)

//function declaration
void QSPI_FlashInit(void);

void QSPI_EraseSector(uint8_t * address);

fsp_err_t QSPI_WritePage(uint8_t *_pBuf, uint32_t _uiWriteAddr, uint16_t _usWriteSize);

void QSPI_ReadBuffer(uint8_t * _pBuf, uint32_t _uiReadAddr, uint32_t _uiSize);

uint32_t QSPI_ReadID(void);
#endif /* QSPI_DRV_H_ */
```

qspi_drv.c的代码如下
```c
#include "qspi_drv.h"

/*******************************************************************************************************************//**
 *  @brief       wait for QSPI flash device status register to get idle till operation is in progress
 *  @param[IN]   None
 *  @retval      FSP_SUCCESS or any other possible error codes
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
static fsp_err_t get_flash_status(void)
{
    spi_flash_status_t status = {.write_in_progress = true};
    int32_t time_out          = (INT32_MAX);
    fsp_err_t err             = FSP_SUCCESS;

do
    {
        /* Get status from QSPI flash device */
        err = R_QSPI_StatusGet(&g_qspi_ctrl, &status);
        if (FSP_SUCCESS!= err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_StatusGet Failed\r\n");
            return err;
        }

/* Decrement time out to avoid infinite loop in case of consistent failure */
        --time_out;

if ( RESET_VALUE >= time_out)
        {
            APP_PRINT("\r\n ** Timeout : No result from QSPI flash status register ** \r\n");
            return FSP_ERR_TIMEOUT;
        }

}while (false != status.write_in_progress);

return err;
}

/*******************************************************************************************************************//**
 *  @brief       set QPI Mode in flash device and MCU
 *  @param[IN]   none
 *  @retval      FSP_SUCCESS or any other possible error codes
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
static fsp_err_t qpi_mode_set(void)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;
    uint8_t data_qpi_en = QSPI_MX25L_CMD_ENTER_QPI_MODE;

APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** setting QPI mode: sending QPI enabling command byte to flash ** \r\n");

/* write enable once again section 9-1 states that
     * we should do it before sending 0x35 to flash device
     */
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &(g_qspi_cfg.write_enable_command), ONE_BYTE, false);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        return err;
    }
    else
    {
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            return err;
        }
    }

/* send QPI mode enable command in flash device
     * Note - no status register read after this operation
     * because flash device has gone in QPI mode
     * and MCU at this point is in extended SPI mode only.
     * vice versa same is applicable while exiting QPI mode too.
     */
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &data_qpi_en, ONE_BYTE, false);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        return err;
    }

APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** setting QPI mode:  setting QPI mode in MCU  ** \r\n");

/* Command byte transferred to flash-> NOW  set the QPI protocol in MCU run time */
    err = R_QSPI_SpiProtocolSet(&g_qspi_ctrl, SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_QPI);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_SpiProtocolSet Failed\r\n");
    }

return err;
}

/*******************************************************************************************************************//**
 *  @brief       Close QSPI module
 *  @param[IN]   spi_protocol mode
 *  @retval      None
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
static void deinit_qspi(const spi_flash_protocol_t spi_protocol_mode)
{
    fsp_err_t error = FSP_SUCCESS;

/* if QPI is active mode then Exit QPI mode from flash device before QSPI close */
    if (SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_QPI == spi_protocol_mode)
    {
        uint8_t data_exit_qpi = QSPI_MX25L_CMD_EXIT_QPI_MODE;

APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** Exit QPI mode before Closing QSPI module ** \r\n");

error = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &data_exit_qpi, ONE_BYTE, false);
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != error)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        }
    }

APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** Closing QSPI module ** \r\n");

/* close QSPI module */
    error = R_QSPI_Close(&g_qspi_ctrl);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != error)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_Close Failed\r\n");
    }

APP_PRINT("\r\n\r\n *****############## demo ends here ########## *******\r\n\r\n");
}

void QSPI_FlashInit(void)
{
    fsp_err_t err= FSP_SUCCESS;
    uint8_t   data_sreg[SREG_SIZE]                 = STATUS_REG_PAYLOAD;

if (SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_QPI == g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol)
    {
        /*
         * this needs to be done since QPI is set by user in configuration
         * and it sets QPI only in MCU but not in flash device
         * so as a system (MCU + QSPI flash device) QPI mode does not get set by
         * simply calling only R_QSPI_Open in QPI mode.
         * Rather QPI mode enabling has to be done in Flash device as well
         * So opening the driver in extended SPI mode only
         * and QPI mode is enabled when qpi_mode_set sub-function is called
         */
        spi_flash_cfg_t l_qspi_cfg;

memcpy((spi_flash_cfg_t *)&l_qspi_cfg, (spi_flash_cfg_t *)&g_qspi_cfg, sizeof (spi_flash_cfg_t));

l_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol = SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI;

APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** user selected QPI Mode in RA configuration tool ** \r\n");

/* open QSPI with local configuration  */
        err = R_QSPI_Open(&g_qspi_ctrl, &l_qspi_cfg);
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_Open Failed\r\n");
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        APP_PRINT ("\r\n ** user selected extended SPI Mode in RA Configuration tool ** \r\n");

/* open QSPI in extended SPI mode */
        err = R_QSPI_Open(&g_qspi_ctrl, &g_qspi_cfg);
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_Open Failed\r\n");
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

/* write enable for further operations */
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &(g_qspi_cfg.write_enable_command), ONE_BYTE, false);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
        deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }
    else
    {
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
            deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

/*
     * write QSPI flash status register
     * This is required to make sure the device is ready for general
     * read write operation,
     * This performs settings such as physical reset,WP hardware pin disable,
     * block protection lock bits clearing.
     * for more details please refer Mx25L data sheet.
     */
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, data_sreg, SREG_SIZE, false);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
        deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }
    else
    {
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
            deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

/*
     * Verifying data written to QSPI flash status register
     * Step 1: - send command byte - 0x05
     * through R_QSPI_DirectWrite with last argument set as true
     * Step 2 - read data through R_QSPI_DirectRead
     */
    uint8_t sreg_data = RESET_VALUE;
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &(g_qspi_cfg.status_command), ONE_BYTE, true);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectWrite Failed\r\n");
        /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
        deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }

/*
     *  we should not call function get_flash_status here
     * because the CS line should not get interrupted between write read
     *
     * Also MCU <SFMCD register> is set as 0 when status register is read
     * to resume in ROM access mode hence API direct read returns error as part
     * of parameter check itself
     */
    err = R_QSPI_DirectRead(&g_qspi_ctrl, &sreg_data, ONE_BYTE);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_DirectRead Failed\r\n");
        /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
        deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }
    else
    {
        /* check for status check operation here */
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
            deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

/* verify read status register data */
    if (SET_SREG_VALUE != sreg_data)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get value set in the status register \r\n");
        /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
        deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }

if (SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_QPI == g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol)
    {
        /* set QPI mode in flash and MCU device */
        err = qpi_mode_set();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS!=err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT ("qpi_mode_set failed\r\n");
            /* close QSPI module which is currently in extended SPI mode only */
            deinit_qspi(SPI_FLASH_PROTOCOL_EXTENDED_SPI);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

}

void QSPI_EraseSector(uint8_t * address)
{
    fsp_err_t err= FSP_SUCCESS;

err = R_QSPI_Erase(&g_qspi_ctrl, address, SECTOR_SIZE);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_Erase Failed\r\n");
        deinit_qspi(g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }
    else
    {
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            deinit_qspi(g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }

}
}

fsp_err_t QSPI_WritePage(uint8_t *_pBuf, uint32_t _uiWriteAddr, uint16_t _usWriteSize)
{
    fsp_err_t err= FSP_SUCCESS;

/* Write data to QSPI Flash */
    err = R_QSPI_Write(&g_qspi_ctrl, _pBuf, (uint8_t *)QSPI_FLASH_ADDRESS(_uiWriteAddr), _usWriteSize);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        APP_ERR_PRINT("R_QSPI_Write Failed\r\n");
        deinit_qspi(g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol);
        APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
    }
    else
    {
        err = get_flash_status();
        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
        {
            APP_ERR_PRINT("Failed to get status for QSPI operation\r\n");
            deinit_qspi(g_qspi_cfg.spi_protocol);
            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
        }
    }

return err;

}

//Due to the qspi Read Mode is set to Fast Read Quad I/O , the flash is mapped to the memory region at 0x6000000
void QSPI_ReadBuffer(uint8_t * _pBuf, uint32_t _uiReadAddr, uint32_t _uiSize)
{
    /* Read data from QSPI memory region */
    memcpy(_pBuf,  (uint8_t *)QSPI_FLASH_ADDRESS(_uiReadAddr), _uiSize);
}

uint32_t QSPI_ReadID(void)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;

uint8_t write_data;
    uint8_t read_data[8];

uint32_t uiID;

write_data = RDID; /* Read ID */
    memset(read_data, 0, sizeof(read_data));
    err = R_QSPI_DirectWrite(&g_qspi_ctrl, &write_data, 1, true);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
      return err;
    }

err = R_QSPI_DirectRead(&g_qspi_ctrl, read_data, 3);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
      return err;
    }

if ((MX_MANUFACTURER_ID != read_data[0]) || (MEMORY_TYPE != read_data[1]) || (MEMORY_DENSITY != read_data[2]))
    {
      return FSP_ERR_ASSERTION;
    }

uiID=(read_data[0] << 16) | (read_data[1] << 8 ) | read_data[2];

return uiID;
}
```

### 主程序设计
基于定时器计时功能和QSPI Flash功能，结合RTT View的数据传输功能实现上位机和开发板之间的交互，上位机输入不同的数字运行不同的代码，实现对定时器周期的设定、QSPI Flash的数据写入以及数据读出功能。

hal_entry.c的代码如下：
```c
#include "common_utils.h"
#include "gpt_timer.h"
#include "qspi_drv.h"

FSP_CPP_HEADER
void R_BSP_WarmStart(bsp_warm_start_event_t event);
FSP_CPP_FOOTER

extern __IO int32_t g_iRunTime;

extern uint8_t g_timer_open_state;

/*******************************************************************************************************************//**
 * main() is generated by the RA Configuration editor and is used to generate threads if an RTOS is used.  This function
 * is called by main() when no RTOS is used.
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
void hal_entry(void)
{
    /* TODO: add your own code here */

#if BSP_TZ_SECURE_BUILD
    /* Enter non-secure code */
    R_BSP_NonSecureEnter();
#endif
    fsp_err_t err                           = FSP_SUCCESS;
    unsigned char rByte[BUF_SIZE]           = {INITIAL_VALUE};
    uint32_t read_data                      = RESET_VALUE;

uint32_t gpt_desired_period_ms          = RESET_VALUE;
    uint64_t period_counts                  = RESET_VALUE;
    uint32_t pclkd_freq_hz                  = RESET_VALUE;

uint8_t *p_mem_addr                            = (uint8_t *)QSPI_DEVICE_START_ADDRESS;
    //data_write size should be small.If use a big size, such as 2048,will occur in Default error, program enter into default_fault.
    uint8_t   data_write[TEST_WRITE_SIZE]          = {RESET_VALUE,};
    uint8_t   verify_written_data[PAGE_WRITE_SIZE] = {RESET_VALUE,};

QSPI_FlashInit();
    /* Print Menu option */
    print_timer_menu();

while(true)
    {
        /* Process input only when User has provided one */
        if (APP_CHECK_DATA)
        {
            /* Read First byte of data provided by user */
            APP_READ(rByte);

/* Conversion from input string to integer value */
            read_data = (uint32_t) (atoi((char *)rByte));

switch (read_data)
            {
                case START_GPT:
                {
                    APP_PRINT ("\r\n Enter the desired period in millisecond\r\n");
                    gpt_desired_period_ms = process_input_data();

/* Get the source clock frequency (in Hz) */
                    pclkd_freq_hz = R_FSP_SystemClockHzGet(FSP_PRIV_CLOCK_PCLKD);
                    pclkd_freq_hz >>= (uint32_t)(g_timer_cfg.source_div);

/* Convert period to PCLK counts so it can be set in hardware. */
                    period_counts = (uint64_t)((gpt_desired_period_ms * (pclkd_freq_hz * CLOCK_TYPE_SPECIFIER))  / TIMER_UNITS_MILLISECONDS);

/* Validate Period Count based on user input (time period in ms) */
                    if(GPT_MAX_PERIOD_COUNT < period_counts)
                    {
                        APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** INVALID INPUT, DESIRED PERIOD IS OUT OF RANGE. ** \r\n");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        /* Check the status of GPT timer in Periodic mode */
                        if(START_GPT != g_timer_open_state)
                        {
                            /*Initialize Periodic Timer */
                            err = init_gpt_timer(&g_timer_ctrl, &g_timer_cfg, PERIODIC_MODE_TIMER);
                            if(FSP_SUCCESS != err)
                            {
                                APP_ERR_PRINT("** GPT TIMER INIT FAILED ** \r\n");
                                APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
                            }
                            APP_PRINT("Opened Timer in Periodic Mode\r\n");

/* Start Periodic Timer*/
                            err = start_gpt_timer(&g_timer_ctrl);
                            if(FSP_SUCCESS != err)
                            {
                                APP_ERR_PRINT("** GPT TIMER START FAILED ** \r\n");
                                /*Close Periodic Timer instance */
                                deinit_gpt_timer(&g_timer_ctrl);
                                APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
                            }
                            APP_PRINT("Started Timer in Periodic Mode\r\n");
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            APP_PRINT("Periodic Timer Already Started, Update Timer Period to : %d \r\n",gpt_desired_period_ms);
                        }

/* Period Set API set the desired period counts on the on-board LED */
                        err = R_GPT_PeriodSet(&g_timer_ctrl, (uint32_t)period_counts);
                        if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
                        {
                            /* GPT Timer PeriodSet Failure message */
                            APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** R_GPT_PeriodSet API failed ** \r\n");
                            /*Close Periodic Timer instance */
                            deinit_gpt_timer(&g_timer_ctrl);
                            APP_ERR_TRAP(err);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case CLOSE_GPT:
                {
                    deinit_gpt_timer(&g_timer_ctrl);
                    APP_PRINT("\r\n GPT timer closed,g_iRunTime is %d\r\n",g_iRunTime);
                    g_iRunTime=0;
                    break;
                }
                case QSPIWRITE_MODE:
                {
                    uint32_t iTime1, iTime2;
                    QSPI_EraseSector(p_mem_addr);

// Fill the data write buffer further to be written in QSPI flash device
                    for (uint16_t write_index = RESET_VALUE; write_index < TEST_WRITE_SIZE ; write_index++)
                    {
                        data_write[write_index] = (uint8_t)write_index;
                    }
                    APP_PRINT ("\r\nMeasure the time cost of qspi write\r\n");
                    iTime1=timer_GetRunTime();

for(uint16_t page_index = RESET_VALUE;page_index<16;page_index++)
                    {
                        QSPI_WritePage(data_write, PAGE_FIRST+page_index, PAGE_WRITE_SIZE);
                    }

iTime2=timer_GetRunTime();

APP_PRINT("\r\n Data Length: %d bytes,cost time: %d ms, write speed: %ud Kb/s.\r\n ",PAGE_WRITE_SIZE,iTime2 - iTime1,(PAGE_WRITE_SIZE*1000)/(iTime2 - iTime1));

break;
                }
                case QSPIREAD_MODE:
                {
                    uint32_t iTime1, iTime2;
                    APP_PRINT ("\r\nMeasure the time cost of qspi read\r\n");
                    iTime1=timer_GetRunTime();
                    for(uint16_t page_index = RESET_VALUE;page_index<16;page_index++)
                    {
                        /* Read data from QSPI memory region */
                        memcpy(verify_written_data,  (uint8_t *)QSPI_FLASH_ADDRESS(PAGE_FIRST+page_index), PAGE_WRITE_SIZE);

/* Verify the written data */
                        if ( FSP_SUCCESS == (fsp_err_t)(memcmp(verify_written_data, data_write, PAGE_WRITE_SIZE)) )
                        {
                            APP_PRINT ("**  page %d matches with written data ** \r\n",page_index);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            APP_ERR_PRINT ("page %d does not match with written data\r\n",page_index);
                        }
                    }

iTime2=timer_GetRunTime();

APP_PRINT("\r\n Reading and check one sector of qspi flash cost time: %d ms.\r\n ",iTime2 - iTime1);

break;
                }
               default:
                {
                    APP_PRINT("\r\nInvalid Menu Option Selected\r\n");
                    break;
                }
            }

read_data = RESET_VALUE;
            /* Reset buffer*/
            memset (rByte, INITIAL_VALUE, BUF_SIZE);
            /* Print Menu option of GPT timer*/
            print_timer_menu();

}
        else
        {

}

}
}

```

J-Link RTT Viewer的输出信息如下所示：

<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_868426" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=868426&handlekey=savephoto_868426">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

qspi flash工作在qspi模式下，函数写操作耗时4ms,读操作耗时1ms。

## octo-spi flash配置及读写速度测试
octo-spi flash的配置可以参考例程包中的ospi例程。瑞萨的FSP中的ospi接口提供了octo-spi Flash相关的操作接口函数。

### octo-spi配置

首先在FSP界面的Stack界面添加ospi模块。

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_868427_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>ospi_添加ospi模块.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(42.13 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_868427" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=868427&handlekey=savephoto_868427">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

ospi的配置参数采用默认的配置属性即可。

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_868428_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>ospi_模块参数设置.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(28.26 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_868428" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=868428&handlekey=savephoto_868428">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

ospi的驱动代码直接复制例程ospi中的ospi_ep.c、ospi_ep.h、ospi_commands.c、ospi_command.h文件。ospi_commands中定义OSPI Flahs配置、读写的指令数据，ospi_ep中定义OSPI Flash的初始化、擦除、读写等函数。

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_868429_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>ospi_例程驱动代码.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(20.46 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_868429" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=868429&handlekey=savephoto_868429">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

在使用OSPI接口对片外的OSPI Flash操作时，通过地址映射的方式将OSPI Flash挂载到0x7000_0000开始的256MB地址空间中。

<ignore_js_op>

<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_868430_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>ospi_Address_Map.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(80.78 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_868430" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=868430&handlekey=savephoto_868430">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

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### 读写时间测量

在参考例程的基础上，添加定时器计数提供时间计数功能，修改读写Flash数据的大小，即可实现OSPI接口读写Flash的性能测试。

在FSP配置界面的Clocks标签可以查看时钟电路的配置情况

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定时器的驱动时钟是PCLKD。工程中设置为100MHz。

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在Stacks中添加GPT定时器模块。

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在定时器的参数设置中，设置定时器的计数器溢出值为100M，这样定时器溢出一次的时间为1s。而OSPI读写Flash的时间在数据量为4k Byte时，耗时是远小于1s的，这样，在读写操作开始时开启定时器计数，完成读写操作后，停止定时器计数。读取读写完成时的定时器计数值，结合定时器的驱动时钟频率，可以算出读写操作的耗时。具体的代码如下：

gpt_timer.c中定义定时器开启、停止等操作函数。定义start_gpt_timer和report_timer_count函数通过开启和关闭定时器，在定时器关闭后，可以通过查看定时器的计数值，结合定时器的工作频率，从而计算出代码的执行时间。

```c
fsp_err_t start_gpt_timer (timer_ctrl_t * const p_timer_ctl)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;

/* Starts GPT timer */
    err = R_GPT_Start(p_timer_ctl);
    if (FSP_SUCCESS != err)
    {
        /* In case of GPT_open is successful and start fails, requires a immediate cleanup.
         * Since, cleanup for GPT open is done in start_gpt_timer,Hence cleanup is not required */
        APP_ERR_PRINT ("\r\n ** R_GPT_Start API failed ** \r\n");
    }
    return err;
}

void report_timer_count(void)
{
    fsp_err_t err = FSP_SUCCESS;
    timer_status_t  timer_info;
    uint32_t time_counter=0;

err=stop_gpt_timer (&g_timer_ctrl);

err=get_gpt_timer_status(&g_timer_ctrl,&timer_info);

err=reset_gpt_timer (&g_timer_ctrl);

time_counter=timer_info.counter;

APP_PRINT("\nOperation on Flash Completed Successfully,Time Cost:  %d ticks under %d HZ \r\n",time_counter,timer_freq);
}

```

在ospi的读写测试代码添加启动定时器、查看定时器计数器值的代码。

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实际运行时，可以得到OSPI在SPI模式、SOPI、DOPI模式下的读写操作耗时。通过Segger RTT工具输出的定时器计数频率在100MHz时，读写4096字节数据的测试信息如下。

SPI模式下写时间耗时3.26ms,读时间耗时5.1ms

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SOPI模式下写时间耗时2.6ms,读时间耗时1.6ms

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DOPI模式下写时间耗时2.5ms,读时间耗时1.5ms

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## DAC配置生成波形及性能测试

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DAC的性能中转换时间为4us,据此DAC输出的信号最高频率能达到250KHz。可以发出低频信号。

接下来通过开发板上的DAC输出引脚，发出一定频率的方波。

首先在FSP界面添加DAC、GPT定时器模块。

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配置DAC模块的输出引脚时需要注意，由于工程是基于EK-RA6M5开发板建立的模板工程，预先设定了外设的功能，其中ADC0的12和13通道引脚和DAC的0和1通道共用P014和P015引脚，需要在FSP界面的Pins界面关闭对应引脚的ADC功能，同时启用其DAC功能。

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对于DAC模块的配置，采用默认参数即可

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对于GPT模块的配置，设定定时器的周期为1ms,以此为时基，可以产生500Hz的方波。在Interrupts项中，开启定时器的Overflow中断，设定回调函数名。

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完成上述配置后，点击生成代码。

在工程中添加gpt_timer.c和gpt_timer.h文件，其中定义定时器的开启、配置以及中断回调函数。

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回调函数每次调用会修改DAC的数据寄存器中的值，改变DAC输出的电压值，从而生成方波。

```c
void timer0_callback(timer_callback_args_t *p_args)
{
    /* TODO: add your own code here */
    if(TIMER_EVENT_CYCLE_END==p_args->event)
    {
        if(dac_output==DAC_MIN_VAL)
        {
            dac_output=DAC_MAX_VAL;
        }
        else if(dac_output==DAC_MAX_VAL)
        {
            dac_output=DAC_MIN_VAL;
        }

R_DAC_Write (&g_dac1_ctrl,dac_output);
    }
}
```

使用示波器采集输出端的信号，得到的是500Hz，幅值为3.3V的方波，和程序设计的信号一致。

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## 总结
使用FSP工具配置外设可以节省很多工作量，在熟悉芯片的功能后可以帮助开发者快速开发应用程序。

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