【Follow me第二季第2期】学习Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 之任务汇总

md-llama-com · 发表于 2024-10-22 08:59

【Follow me第二季第2期】学习Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 之任务汇总 [复制链接]

<i class="pstatus"> 本帖最后由 md-llama-com 于 2024-10-20 22:28 编辑 </i>

# 学习Arduino UNO R4 WiFi任务汇总

Follow me 第二季第二期来了，又又又可以白嫖技术白嫖板子了 ~ 闲话少说 ~开启今日份任务汇总，这次是一份Arduino UNO R4 WiFi的板子，用的是日本瑞萨电子的RA4M1芯片，wifi用的是乐鑫ESP32，非常值得学习的方案。

# 汇总视频链接

# 全部物料清单（含物料名称、实物图片）

1.最主要的控制板
 Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
 
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2.LTR-329 环境光传感器与SHT40温湿度传感器

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3.跳线

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4.示波器

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# 入门任务（必做）：搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！
搭配器件： Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

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这就是今天的主角，这个项目一是为了确定板子的好坏，二是为了测试与电脑是否可以通讯。

## 搭建环境：
在arduino官网下载Arduino IDE

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点击微软下载或者MAC下载

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仅下载 JUST DOWNLOAD

下载好后点击安装包安装

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同意，下一步，安装，三步走，尽量装在D盘

完成安装后在打开arduino IDE并授权一大堆权限后，我们进入了界面，开始获取Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 包

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注意这里arduino IDE会要求安装一堆东西

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安装这块板子的支持包后即可完成环境搭建

整个步骤就是：上官网->下载软件->安装arduino->配置Arduino UNO R4 WiFi板子扩展包

## Blink

写程序的第一句话是打印hello world
而玩儿开发板的第一步是点灯

在打开IDE后找到文件file->示例Exmples->基础Basics->BLink

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用Type-C线连好板子与电脑

点击编译即可

效果如下：

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代码如下：
```
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);  // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
}
```

## 串口打印Hello EEWorld!

串口打印是很多交互的基础

我们在刚刚的点灯程序下加入这一行：波特率设定为9600,波特率是电脑与单片机之间的通讯频率

```
Serial.println("Hello EEWorld!");
```

打开串口调试器，下载程序

效果如下：

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代码如下：
```
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);  // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
  Serial.println("Hello EEWorld!");
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                      // wait for a second
}
```
## 程序流程图

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# 基础任务（必做）：驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线
搭配器件： Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
## 驱动12x8点阵LED
12X8点阵LED这是之前没遇到过的，通过查看原理图，原理图如下

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至于怎么驱动这块LED屏幕，我们可以在示例里找到LED_Matrix，打开DisplaySingleFrame示例查看

代码如下
```
#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"   // Include the LED_Matrix library
#include "frames.h"               // Include a header file containing some custom icons

ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;          // Create an instance of the ArduinoLEDMatrix class

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);           // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200
  matrix.begin();                 // Initialize the LED matrix
}

void loop() {
  // Load and display the "chip" frame on the LED matrix
  matrix.loadFrame(chip);
  delay(500);  // Pause for 500 milliseconds (half a second)

// Load and display the "danger" frame on the LED matrix
  matrix.loadFrame(danger);
  delay(500);

// Load and display the "happy" frame on the LED matrix
  matrix.loadFrame(happy);
  delay(500);

// Load and display the "big heart" frame provided by the library
  matrix.loadFrame(LEDMATRIX_HEART_BIG);
  delay(500);

// Turn off the display
  matrix.clear();
  delay(1000);

// Print the current value of millis() to the serial monitor
  Serial.println(millis());
}
```
效果如下：

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## 程序流程图如下：

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## 用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口
这三个任务可以一起做
### 用DAC生成正弦波
打开案例库SineWave

其代码如下：
```
#include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation
analogWave wave(DAC);   // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin

int freq = 10;  // in hertz, change accordingly

void setup(){
  Serial.begin(115200);
wave.sine(freq);
wave.amplitude(0.5);//幅值倍数
}
void loop(){
Serial.println(analogRead(A5));
delay(10);
}
```

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### 用OPAMP放大DAC信号
使用运算放大器（OP-AMP）放大数字到模拟转换器（DAC）的信号是一种常见的电子电路设计实践。这种配置可以增加信号的幅度，以满足特定的应用需求，例如驱动更大的负载或提供足够的信号强度以进行测量。

以下是电路图

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代码如下：
```
#include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation
#include "OPAMP.h"
analogWave wave(DAC);   // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin

int freq = 200;  // in hertz, change accordingly

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(2000000);  // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200
  analogReadResolution(14);
  wave.sine(freq);       // Generate a sine wave with the initial frequency
  wave.amplitude(0.5);//幅值倍数
  OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED);
}

void loop() {
  delayMicroseconds(100);  
}
```
### 用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口

只需要将输出分别导入A4,A5端口即可,循环loop如下
```
void loop() {
Serial.print(analogRead(A4));
Serial.print(",");
Serial.println(analogRead(A5));
  delayMicroseconds(100);  
}
```

用示波器显示如下

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## 流程图

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# 进阶任务（必做）：通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）
搭配器件： Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

要接入到平台HA（HomeAssistant）平台，首先要有一个HA平台，常规做法是搭建一个服务器，在服务器中用docker容器安装HA,我们作为初学者，自己用的电脑直接安装HA

pip3 install homeassistant

在powershell中输入命令下载安装HA，时间会比较久

打开 127.0.0.1:8123 注册HA

接下来要搭建MQTT服务器，这里用的是Docker容器下的EMQX镜像

众所周知Docker安装是真的烦，我这里就遇到了Docker Engine stopped

**我是怎么解决的呢**

### 1.首先检查一下CPU是否开启虚拟化

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如果虚拟化是禁用的，要进入BIOS打开虚拟化。我这里是没有问题的。

### 2.启动Docker Desktop Service服务

在windows powershell中(管理员运行)，输入 **net start com.docker.service** 启动Docker Desktop Service服务

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### 3.wsl安装

在windows powershell中输入**wsl --update**，开始安装wsl或者更新版本。

### 4.启动docker daemon

在windows powershell中输入 ** cd "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker" ** 跳转到Docker Desktop安装路径

运行命令 **.\DockerCli.exe -SwitchDaemon** 把docker daemon启动

### 5.重启电脑

重启电脑非常重要，网上的步骤都没写这步，导致我一直失败，重启电脑后再运行docker desktop，就可以正常进入了。

正常进入docker后找到Docker Engine

将其中内容改为

```
{
  "builder": {
    "gc": {
      "defaultKeepStorage": "20GB",
      "enabled": true
    }
  },
   "debug": true,
   "experimental": false,
   "insecure-registries":[],
   "registry-mirrors":[
   "https://docker.m.daocloud.io"
   ]
}
```

重启docker。

## 然后就可以在docker中拉取emqx

### 1.在windows命令行中输入以下命令搜索镜像，

```c
docker search emqx
```

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### 2.回车后可以看到排名第一的 emqx 并且是official; 输入以下命令拉取最新版本镜像

```c
docker pull emqx
```

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## 然后创建EMQX容器
```
docker run -d --name="EMQX_container" -v D:/HassWP_2024.4.3/EMQX -p 1883:1883 -p 8083:8083 -p 8883:8883 -p 8084:8084 -p 18083:18083 emqx
```
-v 后面接着的是容器保存路径

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## 启动emqx

回到docker点击图示网址即可启动

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<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>qdongemqx.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(260.86 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853019" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853019&handlekey=savephoto_853019">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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http://localhost:18083/
默认账号：admin 默认密码：public

## EMQX的一些设置
进入EMQX后会让我们重新设置密码

访问控制 -> 客户端认证 -> 选 **创建** -> 选择 **Password-Based** ->  **内置数据库** -> **下一步** -> 3个都默认 -> 点 **创建**

点击 **用户管理** -> 点 +（右侧）-> 填入新的用户名和密码

## EMQX 与 HA相连接

首先要找到EMQX服务器在docker内的地址，按照图片所示寻找即可

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<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_853054_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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<p><strong>emqxjd.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(131.05 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853054" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853054&handlekey=savephoto_853054">保存到相册</a>

</p>

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</div>

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在HA中打开设置如下图

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</p>

</div>
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设备与服务

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<div class="xs0">
<p><strong>MQTTHA.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(134.19 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853057" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853057&handlekey=savephoto_853057">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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添加新设备

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<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853058" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853058&handlekey=savephoto_853058">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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输入刚刚的地址与EMQX上新增的用户名与密码

完成后回到EMQX界面可以看到设备连接数加一

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<div class="tip tip_4 aimg_tip" id="aimg_853055_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
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<p><strong>EMQX加1.png</strong> <em class="xg1">(148.55 KB, 下载次数: 0)</em></p>
<p>
<a href="javascript:;" class="loginf" >下载附件</a>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853055" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853055&handlekey=savephoto_853055">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
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</div>

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这样EMQX  HA 之间就打通了

接下来要将咱们的主角与EMQX之间的连接打通。

## Arduino UNO R4 WiFi与EMQX连接

程序如下：
参数定义如下
```c
#define MQTT_SERVER "192.168.3.28"// 电脑无线网卡IP地址"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxX
#define MQTT_PORT 1883 //定义MQTT服务器的端口
#define MQTT_CLIENT_ID "arduino"// 定义客户端的ID'arduino'
#define MQTT_USERNAME "sdfa"     // 定义用户名,EMQX定义"admin'
#define MQTT_PASSWORD "sdfda"        // 定义密码,EMQX定义"admin"
#define TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE "UNO/arduino/switch/cmd_t"//定义订阅的主题
#define SECRET_SSID "dsdfai"    // 路由器WiFi名称 也可使用win移动热点"xxXXX
#define SECRET_PASS "sfdfsf"      // 路由器WiFi密码”xxxXX
```
主程序是HA网站上设定按钮，然后控制Arduino UNO R4 WiFi上14号引脚小灯亮灭。
主程序如下
```c
#include "ArduinoHA.h"
#include "OPAMP.h"
#include "Wire.h"
#include "WiFiS3.h"
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "analogWave.h"

analogWave wave(DAC);

int status= WL_IDLE_STATUS;
unsigned long lastUpdateAt=0;
int freg=1;//max200 Hz limit by serial print

WiFiClient client;
HADevice device(MQTT_CLIENT_ID);//HADevice device (mac, sizeof(mac));
HAMqtt mqtt(client,device);
HAButton buttonON("myButtonON");
HAButton buttonOFF("myButtonOFF");
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(115200);
wifi_and_mqtt_init();
analogReadResolution(14);//change to 14-bit resolution
wave.sine(freg);//wave.saw(freg);
wave.amplitude(0.5);
OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED);

device.setName("Arduino");
device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0");
buttonON.setIcon("mdi:fire");
buttonON.setName("Click me ON");
buttonOFF.setIcon("mdi:home");
buttonOFF.setName("click me OFF");
buttonON.onCommand(onButtonCommand);//press callbacks
buttonOFF.onCommand(onButtonCommand);

}

void loop()
{
mqtt.loop();
if((millis() - lastUpdateAt) > 1000) 
  {//update in 1s interval
    unsigned long uptimeValue=millis()/1000;
    lastUpdateAt =millis();
  }
}

void onMqttMessage(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, uint16_t length)
{
  char message[length];
  memcpy(message,payload,length);
  message[length]= '\0';

Serial.print("dbglNew message on topic:");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("Data:");
  Serial.println((const char*)message);

if(strstr(message,"on")!=NULL)
 {

int dutyCycle=0;
    if (sscanf(message,"on#%d",&dutyCycle)==1)
     {

}

}
  else if(strstr(message,"off")!=NULL)
         {

}
   else
   {
   Serial.println("Unrecognized message");
   }
 memset(message,0, length);
}

void onMqttConnected()
{
  Serial.println("Connected to the broker!");
  //You can subscribe to custom topic if you need
  mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);//command
  //mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC SUBSCRIBE2)://status
  Serial.println("subscribed to topic:" TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);
  mqtt.publish(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE,"Hi EMOX I'mArdinO UNO R4 WIFI^^");

}

void onMqttDisconnected()
{
  Serial.println("Disconnected from the broker!");
}

void onMqttStateChanged(HAMqtt::ConnectionState state)
{
Serial.print("MoTT state changed to:");
Serial.println(static_cast<int8_t>(state));
}

void onButtonCommand(HAButton* sender)
{
  if(sender ==&buttonON)
  {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonON");// button A was clicked, do your logic hereelse 
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
   } 
   else if(sender==&buttonOFF)
   {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonOFF");// button B was clicked, do your logic here
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
   }
}

void wifi_and_mqtt_init()
{
//check for the WiFi module:
if(WiFi.status()==WL_NO_MODULE)
{
   Serial.println("Communication with WiFi module failed!");
    while (true);
}
String fv = WiFi.firmwareVersion();
if(fv < WIFI_FIRMWARE_LATEST_VERSION)
{
  Serial.println("Please upgrade the firmware");
}

//attempt to connect to wiFi network;
while(status!=WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID:");
Serial.println(SECRET_SSID);
//Connect to WPA/WPA2 network, Change this line if using open or WEP network;
status=WiFi.begin(SECRET_SSID,SECRET_PASS);
delay(10000);
}

Serial.println("\nStarting connection to MoTT server...");
mqtt.onMessage(onMqttMessage);
mqtt.onConnected(onMqttConnected);
mqtt.onDisconnected(onMqttDisconnected);
mqtt.onStateChanged(onMqttStateChanged);

//If you want to change prefix only for non-discovery prefix:
mqtt.setDataPrefix("UNO");

if(!mqtt.begin(MQTT_SERVER,MQTT_PORT,MQTT_USERNAME,MQTT_PASSWORD)) 
  {
   Serial.print("Failed, rC=");
   Serial.print(mqtt.getState());//0btaining state of the MoTr connection:
   Serial.println("tryagain in 5 seconds");
   delay(5000);
   }

}

```
效果如下

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</p>

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</div>

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## 流程图

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</p>

</div>
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</div>

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<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853230" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853230&handlekey=savephoto_853230">保存到相册</a>

</p>

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# 扩展任务(必做，二选一，或根据自己的兴趣，自定义类似难度或更高难度的任务并完成）我选择两个都做

## ■  扩展任务一：通过外部LTR-329 环境光传感器，上传光照度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据

搭配器件： Arduino UNO R4 WiFi、5591（LTR-329光传感器扩展板）、跳线

首先要处理一下接线问题，因为没有购买官方的跳线，我们需要自己把插针焊上
如下图

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</p>

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然后按照IIC的要求把时钟线 数据线接上，注意电源线要接3.3V的。

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</p>

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<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_853165" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=853165&handlekey=savephoto_853165">保存到相册</a>

</p>

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安装Adafruit LTR329 and LTR303 库

打开示例,将没用的语句简化，先测试一下模块是否正常使用，然后再与HA连接：
```
#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"

Adafruit_LTR303 ltr = Adafruit_LTR303();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

if ( ! ltr.begin() ) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find LTR sensor!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }
  //初始化传感器，如果没找到持续刷新，直到找到
  Serial.println("Found LTR sensor!");

ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_96);//设置传感器灵敏度
  ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100);//设置传感器的积分时间ms
  ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200);//设置测量速率ms
  
  // The LTR-303 has interrupt output support, we can enable the pin output!
  ltr.enableInterrupt(true);
  // The INT pin also has a polarity setting. For active LOW set to 'false',
  // for active HIGH set to 'true'
  ltr.setInterruptPolarity(false);

//设置低阈值和高阈值
  // Then set the low threshold (values BELOW this trigger an interrupt)
  ltr.setLowThreshold(2000);
  // and set the high threshold (values ABOVE this trigger an interrupt)
  ltr.setHighThreshold(30000);

Serial.print("Thresholds: ");  Serial.print(ltr.getLowThreshold());
  Serial.print(" & ");  Serial.println(ltr.getHighThreshold());

// Finally, default is an interrupt on every value that is under/over the
  // threshold ranges. However, you're more likely to get spurious IRQs, so
  // we can set it to require "N counts in a row" before an IRQ. 1 count is
  // IRQ for each reading, 2 count means we need two outside readings in a row, etc
  // up to 16.

//设置中断的持续计数,连续4次超出阈值则中断
  ltr.setIntPersistance(4);
  Serial.print("Consecutive counts for IRQ: ");  Serial.println(ltr.getIntPersistance());
}

void loop() {
  bool valid;
  uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;

//检查是否有新的数据可用
  if (ltr.newDataAvailable()) {
    valid = ltr.readBothChannels(visible_plus_ir, infrared);
    //如果数据有效，将可见光+红外和红外的光强度值打印到串行监视器。
    if (valid) {
      Serial.print("CH0 Visible + IR: ");
      Serial.print(visible_plus_ir);
      Serial.print("\t\tCH1 Infrared: ");
      Serial.println(infrared);
    }
  }

delay(100);
}
```
运行效果如下

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</p>

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</div>

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与HA结合程序如下
```
#include "ArduinoHA.h"
#include "OPAMP.h"
#include "Wire.h"
#include "WiFiS3.h"
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "analogWave.h"
#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"

analogWave wave(DAC);
Adafruit_LTR303 ltr = Adafruit_LTR303();

int status= WL_IDLE_STATUS;
unsigned long lastUpdateAt=0;
int freg=1;//max200 Hz limit by serial print

WiFiClient client;
HADevice device(MQTT_CLIENT_ID);//HADevice device (mac, sizeof(mac));
HAMqtt mqtt(client,device);

HASensorNumber analogSensor("myAnalogInput", HASensorNumber::PrecisionP1);
HASensorNumber uptimeSensor("myUptime");

HAButton buttonON("myButtonON");
HAButton buttonOFF("myButtonOFF");
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(115200);
wifi_and_mqtt_init();
analogReadResolution(14);//change to 14-bit resolution
wave.sine(freg);//wave.saw(freg);
wave.amplitude(0.5);
OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED);

device.setName("Arduino");
device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0");
buttonON.setIcon("mdi:fire");
buttonON.setName("Click me ON");
buttonOFF.setIcon("mdi:home");
buttonOFF.setName("click me OFF");
buttonON.onCommand(onButtonCommand);//press callbacks
buttonOFF.onCommand(onButtonCommand);

if ( ! ltr.begin() ) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find LTR sensor!");
    while (1) delay(10);
  }
  //初始化传感器，如果没找到持续刷新，直到找到
  Serial.println("Found LTR sensor!");

ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_96);//设置传感器灵敏度
  ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100);//设置传感器的积分时间ms
  ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200);//设置测量速率ms
  
  // The LTR-303 has interrupt output support, we can enable the pin output!
  ltr.enableInterrupt(true);
  // The INT pin also has a polarity setting. For active LOW set to 'false',
  // for active HIGH set to 'true'
  ltr.setInterruptPolarity(false);

//设置低阈值和高阈值
  // Then set the low threshold (values BELOW this trigger an interrupt)
  ltr.setLowThreshold(2000);
  // and set the high threshold (values ABOVE this trigger an interrupt)
  ltr.setHighThreshold(30000);
}
void loop()
{

bool valid;
uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;

mqtt.loop();
//检查是否有新的数据可用
  if (ltr.newDataAvailable()) {
    valid = ltr.readBothChannels(visible_plus_ir, infrared);
    //如果数据有效，将可见光+红外和红外的光强度值打印到串行监视器。
    if (valid) {
      if((millis() - lastUpdateAt) > 1000) 
     {//update in 1s interval
      Serial.print("CH0 Visible + IR: ");
      Serial.print(visible_plus_ir);
      uptimeSensor.setValue(visible_plus_ir);
      Serial.print("\t\tCH1 Infrared: ");
      Serial.println(infrared);
      analogSensor.setValue(infrared);
        lastUpdateAt =millis();
     }  
    }
  }
}

void onMqttMessage(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, uint16_t length)
{
  char message[length];
  memcpy(message,payload,length);
  message[length]= '\0';

Serial.print("dbglNew message on topic:");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("Data:");
  Serial.println((const char*)message);

void onMqttConnected()
{
  Serial.println("Connected to the broker!");
  //You can subscribe to custom topic if you need
  mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);//command
  //mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC SUBSCRIBE2)://status
  Serial.println("subscribed to topic:" TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);
  mqtt.publish(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE,"Hi EMOX I'mArdinO UNO R4 WIFI^^");

}

void onMqttDisconnected()
{
  Serial.println("Disconnected from the broker!");
}

void onMqttStateChanged(HAMqtt::ConnectionState state)
{
Serial.print("MoTT state changed to:");
Serial.println(static_cast<int8_t>(state));
}

void onButtonCommand(HAButton* sender)
{
  if(sender ==&buttonON)
  {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonON");// button A was clicked, do your logic hereelse 
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
   } 
   else if(sender==&buttonOFF)
   {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonOFF");// button B was clicked, do your logic here
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
   }
}

void wifi_and_mqtt_init()
{
//check for the WiFi module:
if(WiFi.status()==WL_NO_MODULE)
{
   Serial.println("Communication with WiFi module failed!");
    while (true);
}
String fv = WiFi.firmwareVersion();
if(fv < WIFI_FIRMWARE_LATEST_VERSION)
{
  Serial.println("Please upgrade the firmware");
}

//attempt to connect to wiFi network;
while(status!=WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID:");
Serial.println(SECRET_SSID);
//Connect to WPA/WPA2 network, Change this line if using open or WEP network;
status=WiFi.begin(SECRET_SSID,SECRET_PASS);
delay(10000);
}

Serial.println("\nStarting connection to MoTT server...");
mqtt.onMessage(onMqttMessage);
mqtt.onConnected(onMqttConnected);
mqtt.onDisconnected(onMqttDisconnected);
mqtt.onStateChanged(onMqttStateChanged);

//If you want to change prefix only for non-discovery prefix:
mqtt.setDataPrefix("UNO");

if(!mqtt.begin(MQTT_SERVER,MQTT_PORT,MQTT_USERNAME,MQTT_PASSWORD)) 
  {
   Serial.print("Failed, rC=");
   Serial.print(mqtt.getState());//0btaining state of the MoTr connection:
   Serial.println("tryagain in 5 seconds");
   delay(5000);
   }
}
```
运行效果如下

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</p>

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</div>

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### 流程图

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</p>

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</p>

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## ■  扩展任务二：通过外部SHT40温湿度传感器，上传温湿度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据

搭配器件： Arduino UNO R4 WiFi、4885（SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板）、跳线

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安装Adafruit SHT4X库
与光照传感器一样，焊接引脚，用例程测试温湿度传感器好坏

与HA结合程序如下
```
#include "ArduinoHA.h"
#include "OPAMP.h"
#include "Wire.h"
#include "WiFiS3.h"
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "analogWave.h"
#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"
#include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h"

Adafruit_SHT4x sht4 = Adafruit_SHT4x();

analogWave wave(DAC);
Adafruit_LTR303 ltr = Adafruit_LTR303();

int status= WL_IDLE_STATUS;
unsigned long lastUpdateAt=0;
int freg=1;//max200 Hz limit by serial print

WiFiClient client;
HADevice device(MQTT_CLIENT_ID);//HADevice device (mac, sizeof(mac));
HAMqtt mqtt(client,device);

HASensorNumber  humidity2("myhumidity");
HASensorNumber  Temperature2("Temperature");

HAButton buttonON("myButtonON");
HAButton buttonOFF("myButtonOFF");
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
wifi_and_mqtt_init();
analogReadResolution(14);//change to 14-bit resolution
wave.sine(freg);//wave.saw(freg);
wave.amplitude(0.5);
OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED);

device.setName("Arduino");
device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0");
buttonON.setIcon("mdi:fire");
buttonON.setName("Click me ON");
buttonOFF.setIcon("mdi:home");
buttonOFF.setName("click me OFF");
buttonON.onCommand(onButtonCommand);//press callbacks
buttonOFF.onCommand(onButtonCommand);

while (!Serial)
    delay(10);     // will pause Zero, Leonardo, etc until serial console opens

if (! sht4.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find SHT4x");
    while (1) delay(1);
  }

Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX);

// You can have 3 different precisions, higher precision takes longer
  sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION); //精度

// You can have 6 different heater settings
  // higher heat and longer times uses more power
  // and reads will take longer too!
  sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER);//加热传感器

}

void loop()
{

bool valid;
uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;
sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
  
sht4.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);// populate temp and humidity objects with fresh data

Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.print(temp.temperature); Serial.println(" degrees C");
Serial.print("Humidity: "); Serial.print(humidity.relative_humidity); Serial.println("% rH");

mqtt.loop();
//检查是否有新的数据可用
  if (sht4.getEvent(&humidity, &temp)) {
   
      if((millis() - lastUpdateAt) > 1000) 
     {//update in 1s interval

Temperature2.setValue(temp.temperature);
      humidity2.setValue(humidity.relative_humidity);
        lastUpdateAt =millis();
     }  
    
  }
}
void onMqttMessage(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, uint16_t length)
{
  char message[length];
  memcpy(message,payload,length);
  message[length]= '\0';

Serial.print("dbglNew message on topic:");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("Data:");
  Serial.println((const char*)message);

if(strstr(message,"on")!=NULL)
 {
    int dutyCycle=0;
    if (sscanf(message,"on#%d",&dutyCycle)==1)     {     }
 }
  else if(strstr(message,"off")!=NULL)         {        }
   else
   {
   Serial.println("Unrecognized message");
   }
 memset(message,0, length);
}
void onMqttConnected()
{
  Serial.println("Connected to the broker!");
  //You can subscribe to custom topic if you need
  mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);//command
  //mqtt.subscribe(TOPIC SUBSCRIBE2)://status
  Serial.println("subscribed to topic:" TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE);
  mqtt.publish(TOPIC_SUBSCRIBE,"Hi EMOX I'mArdinO UNO R4 WIFI^^");
}
void onMqttDisconnected()
{
  Serial.println("Disconnected from the broker!");
}

void onMqttStateChanged(HAMqtt::ConnectionState state)
{
Serial.print("MoTT state changed to:");
Serial.println(static_cast<int8_t>(state));
}
void onButtonCommand(HAButton* sender)
{
  if(sender ==&buttonON)
  {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonON");// button A was clicked, do your logic hereelse 
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
   } 
   else if(sender==&buttonOFF)
   {
    Serial.print("[dbg]buttonOFF");// button B was clicked, do your logic here
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
   }
}

void wifi_and_mqtt_init()
{
//check for the WiFi module:
if(WiFi.status()==WL_NO_MODULE)
{
   Serial.println("Communication with WiFi module failed!");
    while (true);
}
String fv = WiFi.firmwareVersion();
if(fv < WIFI_FIRMWARE_LATEST_VERSION)
{
  Serial.println("Please upgrade the firmware");
}

//attempt to connect to wiFi network;
while(status!=WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID:");
Serial.println(SECRET_SSID);
//Connect to WPA/WPA2 network, Change this line if using open or WEP network;
status=WiFi.begin(SECRET_SSID,SECRET_PASS);
delay(10000);
}

Serial.println("\nStarting connection to MoTT server...");
mqtt.onMessage(onMqttMessage);
mqtt.onConnected(onMqttConnected);
mqtt.onDisconnected(onMqttDisconnected);
mqtt.onStateChanged(onMqttStateChanged);

//If you want to change prefix only for non-discovery prefix:
mqtt.setDataPrefix("UNO");

if(!mqtt.begin(MQTT_SERVER,MQTT_PORT,MQTT_USERNAME,MQTT_PASSWORD)) 
  {
   Serial.print("Failed, rC=");
   Serial.print(mqtt.getState());//0btaining state of the MoTr connection:
   Serial.println("tryagain in 5 seconds");
   delay(5000);
   }
}
```

运行效果如下

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对着传感器哈气后温度湿度都有所上升，温度从30度上升至35度。湿度由60%上升到90%

### 流程图

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# 项目总结

在这个精彩纷呈的“Follow me”第二季项目中，我有幸深入探索了Arduino UNO R4 WiF这一功能强大的开发板，并从中获得了许多宝贵的知识和技能。通过这个项目，我掌握了如何自己搭建物联网服务器，花了我具多时间，一度想要放弃，感谢小助手从中的鼓励。同时也掌握了本地传感器数据上传。

在温度和光照传感器的学习过程中，我了解到了环境监测的重要性，并且学会了如何通过编程来收集和分析这些数据。这些技能在物联网（IoT）和智能家居项目中尤为重要，为我打开了一扇通往未来技术的大门。

这些项目的实践操作不仅锻炼了我的动手能力，更重要的是，它们加深了我对硬件编程的理解。我学会了如何将抽象的编程概念应用到具体的硬件设备上，并且能够解决实际问题。

我非常感激EEWorld和Digi-Key提供的这次学习机会。这次经历不仅丰富了我的技术储备，也为我未来的电子项目和职业生涯打下了坚实的基础。我期待着将这些新学到的技能应用到更多的创新项目中，并且希望能够继续在电子和编程领域不断探索和成长。

# 项目程序

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<em class="xg1">(8.82 KB, 下载次数: 1)</em>
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<div class="y">2024-10-20 21:27 上传</div>
点击文件名下载附件
fwme 第二季第二期程序汇总
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# End

秦天qintian0303 · 发表于2024-10-22 08:59

恭喜顺利完成

【Follow me第二季第2期】学习Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 之任务汇总 [复制链接]

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