【得捷电子Follow me第2期】任务汇总

容川17 · 发表于2023-11-13 09:26

【得捷电子Follow me第2期】任务汇总 [复制链接]

## 前言：
-------------
很高兴能够参与此次得捷电子followme第二期，本人是在校学生，通过B站视频了解这次活动，感谢得捷电子的大力支持。在此次活动中深入学习了Circuitpython的相关知识。下面会对我这次的任务做出汇报。

# **演示视频：**https://training.eeworld.com.cn/video/38384**

# 任务一（显示汉字）：
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<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_752536" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=752536&handlekey=savephoto_752536">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

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```
import board
import digitalio
from adafruit_display_text import label, wrap_text_to_lines
from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font

dis_str = "测试"
font = bitmap_font.load_font("/fonts/Font.bdf")
color = 0xFFFFFF

display = board.DISPLAY#display类属性设置
board.DISPLAY.brightness = 0.35
board.DISPLAY.rotation = 0

text_group = displayio.Group()#组设置
text_area = label.Label(font, text=dis_str, color=color)
text_area.x = 10
text_area.y = 10#设置位置
text_area.line_spacing = 1.2
text_area.scale = 1
text_group.append(text_area)
display.show(text_group)
while True:
    pass

```
注意关于中文字体的选择：因为circuitpython对ttf字体文件支持的不太友好且字体文件过大会使得s3寻字时间过长，产生较长的等待时间，故我采用先将字体采用[Fontmin](https://ecomfe.github.io/fontmin/#banner)切割出相应的子集，然后再通过[otf2bdf](https://learn.adafruit.com/custom-fonts-for-pyportal-circuitpython-display/use-otf2bdf)将格式转化为.bdf形式进行展示，但是在格式转换的过程中会出现乱码，直接将转换后的.bdf文件导入Circuitpython中会不能识别表现为：

<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_752538" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=752538&handlekey=savephoto_752538">保存到相册</a>

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用记事本打开.bdf文件删去乱码后问题得到解决!

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<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_752537" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=752537&handlekey=savephoto_752537">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

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# 任务二（链接网络）：
------
```
import board
import time 
import displayio
import wifi
import binascii
from adafruit_display_text import label, wrap_text_to_lines
from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font

button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
button.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP

display = board.DISPLAY
board.DISPLAY.brightness = 0.35
board.DISPLAY.rotation = 0

font = bitmap_font.load_font("/fonts/Font.bdf")
color = 0xFFFFFF
#wifi.radio.start_ap('*****','****') #启动热点

wifi.radio.connect("SSID", "PASSWORD")
mac_bytes=wifi.radio.mac_address_ap
mac_str = binascii.hexlify(mac_bytes).decode()#MAC地址解码
ping_result=wifi.radio.ping(wifi.radio.ipv4_gateway)*1000# 返回ping网关结果
text_group = displayio.Group()
text_2="mac_address："+"\n"+str(mac_str)+'\n'+str(f"ping结果：{ping_result}ms")
text_area = label.Label(font, text=text_2, color=color)
text_area.x = 10
text_area.y = 10
text_area.line_spacing = 1.2
text_area.scale = 1
text_group.append(text_area)
display.show(text_group)#展示
while True:
    pass
```

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<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_752539" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=752539&handlekey=savephoto_752539">保存到相册</a>

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</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
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# 任务三（控制Neopixel）
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<em class="xg1">(5.41 MB, 下载次数: 2)</em>
</span>
<div class="tip tip_4" id="attach_752534_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="tip_c xs0">
<div class="y">2023-11-13 09:02 上传</div>
点击文件名下载附件

</div>
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```
import board
import neopixel #该库需要提前导入
import digitalio
import time 
power = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.NEOPIXEL_POWER)
power.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
power.value=1
button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
button.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP

pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 30)
i=0
time_lst=[0]
flag=3 # 123代表红绿蓝三种颜色
def ledwithbutton():
    global flag,time_lst
    if button.value ==0:#判断按键起落时间从而消抖
        time_ns=time.time()
        if time_ns-time_lst[-1] >0.2:
            flag=flag+1
        time_lst.append(time_ns)
        if len (time_lst)>2:
            time_lst=[time_lst[-1]]
    if flag >3:
        flag=flag-3#循环变化
        
while True:
    
    for i in range(125):
        time.sleep(0.001)#呼吸灯频率
        pixels[0] = (int(flag==1)*i, int(flag==2)*i, int(flag==3)*i)
        print(pixels[0])
        ledwithbutton()
    for i in range (125):
        time.sleep(0.001)
        pixels[0] = (int(flag==1)*(125-i), int(flag==2)*(125-i), int(flag==3)*(125-i))
        i=i+1
        print(pixels[0])
        ledwithbutton()

```
代码实现了通过三种颜色的呼吸灯，通过Boot按键实现了颜色的切换
演示视频如下：

<ignore_js_op>

<em class="xg1">(5.41 MB, 下载次数: 2)</em>
</span>
<div class="tip tip_4" id="attach_752534_menu" style="position: absolute; display: none" disautofocus="true">
<div class="tip_c xs0">
<div class="y">2023-11-13 09:02 上传</div>
点击文件名下载附件

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

# 任务四(网络天气预报)
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<ignore_js_op>

<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.getAttribute('url'), 'get', 0);" id="savephoto_752727" url="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=album&op=saveforumphoto&aid=752727&handlekey=savephoto_752727">保存到相册</a>

</p>

</div>
<div class="tip_horn"></div>
</div>

</ignore_js_op>

代码如下：
```
import adafruit_requests as requests
import ssl
import wifi
import socketpool
wifi.radio.connect("SSID", "PASSWORD")
def refresh():
    pool = socketpool.SocketPool(wifi.radio)
    req=requests.Session(pool,ssl.create_default_context())
    url="https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=***************&location=Haerbin&language=en&unit=c&start=1"

response=req.get(url)
    update_time=response.json()["results"][0]['last_update'][0:19]
    weather=str(response.json()["results"][0]['now']['text'])+'\n'+str(response.json()["results"][0]['now']['temperature'])+'\n'+update_time
    print(weather)
    return weather
text_group.remove(text_area)
weather=refresh()
text_area = label.Label(font, text=weather, color=color)
text_area.x = 10
text_area.y = 10
text_area.line_spacing = 1.2
text_area.scale = 1
text_group.append(text_area)
time_lst=[0]
flag=3 # 123
def ledwithbutton():
    global flag,time_lst,text_area,text_group
    if button.value ==0:
        time_ns=time.time()
        if time_ns-time_lst[-1] >0.2:
            text_group.remove(text_area)
            print('yes')
            weather=refresh()
            text_area = label.Label(font, text=weather, color=color)
            text_area.x = 10
            text_area.y = 10
            text_area.line_spacing = 1.2
            text_area.scale = 1
            text_group.append(text_area)
            time_lst.append(time_ns)
        if len (time_lst)>2:
            time_lst=[time_lst[-1]]
    if flag >3:
        flag=flag-3
while True:
    ledwithbutton()
```
通过心知天气提供的api获得天气信息，并返回json格式字符串，对字符串进行解码后得到天气信息并通过显示屏进行显示，通过按钮进行更新
# 任务五（通过网络控制WS2812B）
------
采用了adafruit的mqtt服务平台来进行网络远程控制，脱离了局域网控制，可以同时控制WS2812B的亮度和颜色，代码如下：
```
import board
import busio
from adafruit_esp32spi import adafruit_esp32spi
import adafruit_minimqtt.adafruit_minimqtt as MQTT
from adafruit_io.adafruit_io import IO_MQTT
import wifi
import neopixel
import digitalio
import time 
import ssl
import socketpool
import binascii
wifi.radio.connect("SSID", "PASSWORD")
color="0"

mqtt_topic = "test/topic"
lst=[0,0,0] # 颜色列表

def message(client, topic, message):
    global color,lst
    #print("New message on topic {0}: {1}".format(topic, message))
    if topic =="neopixel":
        print(message)
        for i in range(3):
            # print(message[(i)*2:(i+1)*2:])
            lst<i>=lst<i>-int(message)# 降低亮度
    if topic=="RGB":
        message=message[1::]
        for i in range(3):
            # print(message[(i)*2:(i+1)*2:])
            lst<i>=int("0x"+str(message[(i)*2:(i+1)*2:]))#十六进制转换十进制
def connected(client):
    print("Connected to Adafruit IO! Listening for NeoPixel changes...")
    # Subscribe to Adafruit IO feed called "neopixel"
    client.subscribe("neopixel")
    client.subscribe("RGB") #订阅topic

pool = socketpool.SocketPool(wifi.radio)
mqtt_client = MQTT.MQTT(
    broker="io.adafruit.com",
    username="******",
    socket_pool=pool,
    password="******",
    ssl_context=ssl.create_default_context(),#ssl证书验证
)
io = IO_MQTT(mqtt_client)
io.on_connect = connected
io.on_message = message
io.connect()

power = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.NEOPIXEL_POWER)
power.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
power.value=1#控制端使能
button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
button.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP

pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 30)#pixels颜色控制
while True:
    pixels[0] =tuple(lst)
    print(tuple(lst))
    io.loop()

```
主要过程是先在[io.adafruit.com](https://io.adafruit.com/)注册并创建“IO KEY”填入相应代码中，代码主要逻辑为订阅"neopixel"和“RGB”这两个主题，前者控制亮度，后者控制颜色，当网页端颜色发生改变时，通过mqtt平台将消息推送到客户端，客户端loop死循环等待消息，接受消息后对字符串进行格式化处理转化为十进制数并通过任务三代码进行显示,控制台打印输出RGB颜色信息
演示代码如下：<div id="player_9f1bd23ec55e2388ef41f54ec8bc9d150" class="localvideo-box"></div><div class="localvideo-title">mqtt</div><br/>
# 总结
----
通过本次任务收获到很多编程方面的知识，了解了ciruitpython这门编程语言，由于时间紧凑，选做任务只选择了一个相对简单的任务，挑战性不高，属实是有点烂尾了，希望能够继续完成这些任务，也感谢得捷电子的大力支持，希望这种活动能够继续持续下去，帮助更多人入门嵌入式。
[代码下载地址](https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/%E5%AE%B9%E5%B7%9D17/629857)