基于Zynq FPGA对雷龙SD NAND的测试
<div class='showpostmsg'><h1 data-pm-slice="0 0 []" data-track="1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245" spellcheck="false">文章目录</h1><p data-track="246">一、SD NAND特征</p>
<p data-track="247">1.1 SD卡简介</p>
<p data-track="248">1.2 SD卡Block图</p>
<p data-track="249">二、SD卡样片</p>
<p data-track="250">三、Zynq测试平台搭建</p>
<p data-track="251">3.1 测试流程</p>
<p data-track="252">3.2 SOC搭建</p>
<p data-track="253">四、软件搭建</p>
<p data-track="254">五、测试结果</p>
<p data-track="255">六、总结</p>
<h1 data-track="256" spellcheck="false">一、SD NAND特征</h1>
<p data-track="257">1.1 SD卡简介</p>
<p data-track="258">  雷龙的SD NAND有很多型号，在测试中使用的是CSNP4GCR01-AWM与CSNP32GCR01-AOW。芯片是基于<strong>NAND FLASH</strong>和 SD控制器实现的SD卡。具有强大的坏块管理和纠错功能，并且在意外掉电的情况下同样能保证数据的安全。</p>
<p data-track="259">  其特点如下：</p>
<p data-track="260">接口支持SD2.0 2线或4线；</p>
<p data-track="261">电压支持：2.7V-3.6V；</p>
<p data-track="262">默认模式:可变时钟速率0 - 25MHz，高达12.5 MB/s的接口速度(使用4条并行数据线)</p>
<p data-track="263">高速模式:可变时钟速率0 - 50MHz，高达25 MB/s的接口速度(使用4条并行数据线)</p>
<p data-track="264">工作温度：-40°C ~ +85°C</p>
<p data-track="265">存储温度：-55°C ~ +125°C</p>
<p data-track="266">待机电流小于250uA</p>
<p data-track="267">修正内存字段错误；</p>
<p data-track="268">内容保护机制——符合SDMI最高安全标准</p>
<p data-track="269">SDNAND密码保护(CMD42 - LOCK_UNLOCK)</p>
<p data-track="270">采用机械开关的写保护功能</p>
<p data-track="271">内置写保护功能(永久和临时)</p>
<p data-track="272">应用程序特定命令</p>
<p data-track="273">舒适擦除机制</p>
<p data-track="274">  该SD卡支持SDIO读写和SPI读写，最高读写速度可达25MB/s，实际读写速度要结合MCU和接口情况实测获得。通常在简单嵌入式系统并对读写速度要求不高的情况下，会使用SPI协议进行读写。但不管使用SDIO还是SPI都需要符合相关的协议规范，才能建立相应的文件系统；</p>
<p data-track="275">1.2 SD卡Block图</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK0</p>
<p data-track="276"> 该SD卡封装为LGA-8；引脚分配与定义如下；在这里插入图片描述:</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK1</p>
<h1 data-track="277" spellcheck="false">二、SD卡样片</h1>
<p data-track="278">  与样片同时寄来的还有转接板，转接板将LGA-8封装的芯片转接至SD卡封装，这样只需将转接板插入SD卡卡槽即可使用。</p>
<p data-track="279">在这里插入图片描述:</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK2</p>
<h1 data-track="280" spellcheck="false">三、Zynq测试平台搭建</h1>
<ul>
<li data-track="281">  测试平台为 Xilinx 的Zynq 7020 FPGA芯片；</li>
<li data-track="282">  板卡：Digilent Zybo Z7</li>
<li data-track="283">  Vivado版本：2018.3</li>
<li data-track="284">  文件系统：FATFS</li>
<li data-track="285">  SD卡接口：SD2.0</li>
</ul>
<p data-track="286">3.1 测试流程</p>
<p data-track="287">  本次测试主要针对4G和32G两个不同容量的SD卡，在Zynq FPGA上搭建<strong>SD卡</strong>读写回路，从而对SD卡读写速度进行测试，并检验读写一致性；</p>
<p data-track="288">测试流程：</p>
<p data-track="289">  进入测试程序前，首先会对SD卡初始化并初始化建立FATFS文件系统，随后进入测试SD卡测试程序，在测试程序中，会写入一定大小的文件，然后对写入文件的时间进行测量，得到写入时间；然后再将写入的文件读出，测量获得读出时间，并将读出数据与写入数据相比较，检测是否读写出错。</p>
<p data-track="290">  通过写入时间、读出时间可计算得到写入速度、读出速度；将以上过程重复100次并打印报告。</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK3</p>
<p data-track="291">3.2 SOC搭建</p>
<p data-track="292">  硬件搭建框图如下，我们在本次系统中使用PS端的SDIO接口来驱动SD NAND芯片，并通过UART向PC打印报告；</p>
<p data-track="293">  PL端的硬件搭建也很简单，只需一个Timer定时器来做时间测量；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK4</p>
<p data-track="294">我们直接使用Zybo板卡文件创建一个工程，工程会将Zybo具有的硬件资源配置好；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK5</p>
<p data-track="295">首先点击setting->IP->Repository->+；添加Timer IP核的路径，Timer IP核会在工程中给出；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK6</p>
<p data-track="296"> 点击Create Block Design创建BD工程</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK7</p>
<p data-track="297"> 在创建的过程中添加Zynq 内核；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK8</p>
<p data-track="298">由于我们使用了板卡文件，所以内核IP是配置好的，我们只需稍作修改即可，如果是其他板卡，则需要自行配置DDR等配置；</p>
<p data-track="299">  双击内核IP，点击Clock Configuration->PL Fabric Clocks，将FCLK_CLK0的时钟频率修改为100Mhz</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK9</p>
<p data-track="300"> 添加TimerA IP；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK10</p>
<p data-track="301">依次点击上方的自动设计，完成SOC搭建；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK11</p>
<p data-track="302"> 点击BD设计，并创建顶层文件</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK12</p>
<p data-track="303">生成比特流文件；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK13</p>
<p data-track="304">在生成比特流文件后，将其导入SDK；</p>
<p data-track="305">  点击Export->Export Hardware，导出硬件；然后点击Launch SDK打开SDK进行软件设计；</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK14</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK15</p>
<h1 data-track="306" spellcheck="false">四、软件搭建</h1>
<p data-track="307">  在SDK中新建一个空白工程；</p>
<p data-track="308">  点击file -> new -> Application project;</p>
<p>EEWORLDIMGTK16</p>
<p data-track="309">在新建的过程中创建一个main.c文件，并在里面编写测试程序如下：</p>
<p data-track="310">  在每次读写开始前，通过TimerA0_start()函数开始计时，在读写结束后可以通过TimerA0_stop()结束计时，从而测得消耗时间。</p>
<p data-track="311">  相应的Timer驱动函数在user/TimerA_user.c中定义；</p>
<ol start="1">
<li data-track="312">#include "xparameters.h" /* SDK generated parameters */</li>
<li data-track="313">#include "xsdps.h" /* SD device driver */</li>
<li data-track="314">#include "xil_printf.h"</li>
<li data-track="315">#include "ff.h"</li>
<li data-track="316">#include "xil_cache.h"</li>
<li data-track="317">#include "xplatform_info.h"</li>
<li data-track="318">#include "time.h"</li>
<li data-track="319">#include "../user/headfile.h"</li>
<li data-track="320"> </li>
<li data-track="321">#define PACK_LEN 32764</li>
<li data-track="322"> </li>
<li data-track="323">static FIL fil; /* File object */</li>
<li data-track="324">static FATFS fatfs;</li>
<li data-track="325"> </li>
<li data-track="326">static char FileName = "Test.txt";</li>
<li data-track="327">static char *SD_File;</li>
<li data-track="328"> </li>
<li data-track="329">char DestinationAddress ;</li>
<li data-track="330"> </li>
<li data-track="331">char txt;</li>
<li data-track="332">char test_buffer;</li>
<li data-track="333"> </li>
<li data-track="334">void TimerA0_init()</li>
<li data-track="335">{</li>
<li data-track="336">TimerA_reset(TimerA0);//reset timerA device</li>
<li data-track="337">TimerA_Set_Clock_Division(TimerA0,100);//divide clock as 100000000/100 = 1Mhz</li>
<li data-track="338">TimerA_Stop_Counter(TimerA0);//stop timerA</li>
<li data-track="339">}</li>
<li data-track="340"> </li>
<li data-track="341">void TimerA0_start()</li>
<li data-track="342">{</li>
<li data-track="343">TimerA_SetAs_CONTINUS_Mode(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="344">}</li>
<li data-track="345"> </li>
<li data-track="346">void TimerA0_stop()</li>
<li data-track="347">{</li>
<li data-track="348">TimerA_Stop_Counter(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="349">}</li>
<li data-track="350"> </li>
<li data-track="351"> </li>
<li data-track="352"> </li>
<li data-track="353"> </li>
<li data-track="354">uint32 SDCard_test()</li>
<li data-track="355">{</li>
<li data-track="356">uint8 Res;</li>
<li data-track="357">uint32 NumBytesRead;</li>
<li data-track="358">uint32 NumBytesWritten;</li>
<li data-track="359">uint32 BuffCnt;</li>
<li data-track="360">uint8 work;</li>
<li data-track="361">uint32 take_time=0;</li>
<li data-track="362">uint32 speed = 0;</li>
<li data-track="363">uint32 test_time = 0;</li>
<li data-track="364">uint32 w_t=0;</li>
<li data-track="365">uint32 r_t=0;</li>
<li data-track="366">float wsum = 0;</li>
<li data-track="367">float rsum = 0;</li>
<li data-track="368"> </li>
<li data-track="369"> </li>
<li data-track="370">TCHAR *Path = "0:/";</li>
<li data-track="371"> </li>
<li data-track="372">for(int i=0;i</li>
<li data-track="373">{</li>
<li data-track="374">test_buffer = 'a';</li>
<li data-track="375">}</li>
<li data-track="376"> </li>
<li data-track="377">Res = f_mount(&fatfs, Path, 0);</li>
<li data-track="378"> </li>
<li data-track="379">if (Res != FR_OK) {</li>
<li data-track="380">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="381">}</li>
<li data-track="382"> </li>
<li data-track="383">Res = f_mkfs(Path, FM_FAT32, 0, work, sizeof work);</li>
<li data-track="384">if (Res != FR_OK) {</li>
<li data-track="385">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="386">}</li>
<li data-track="387"> </li>
<li data-track="388">SD_File = (char *)FileName;</li>
<li data-track="389"> </li>
<li data-track="390">Res = f_open(&fil, SD_File, FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE | FA_READ);</li>
<li data-track="391">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="392">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="393">}</li>
<li data-track="394"> </li>
<li data-track="395">Res = f_lseek(&fil, 0);</li>
<li data-track="396">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="397">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="398">}</li>
<li data-track="399"> </li>
<li data-track="400">while(1)</li>
<li data-track="401">{</li>
<li data-track="402">TimerA_reset(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="403">TimerA0_start();</li>
<li data-track="404">Res = f_write(&fil, (const void*)test_buffer, PACK_LEN,</li>
<li data-track="405">&NumBytesWritten);</li>
<li data-track="406">TimerA0_stop();</li>
<li data-track="407">take_time = TimerA_Read_Counter_Register(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="408">w_t+=take_time;</li>
<li data-track="409">xil_printf("--------------------------------\n");</li>
<li data-track="410">xil_printf("take time:%d us\n",take_time);</li>
<li data-track="411">speed = PACK_LEN*(1000000/((float)(take_time)));</li>
<li data-track="412">sprintf(txt,"write speed:%.2f MB/s\n",(float)(speed)/1024/1024);</li>
<li data-track="413">wsum = wsum+speed;</li>
<li data-track="414">xil_printf(txt);</li>
<li data-track="415">xil_printf("--------------------------------\n");</li>
<li data-track="416">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="417">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="418">}</li>
<li data-track="419"> </li>
<li data-track="420">Res = f_lseek(&fil, 0);</li>
<li data-track="421">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="422">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="423">}</li>
<li data-track="424"> </li>
<li data-track="425">TimerA_reset(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="426">TimerA0_start();</li>
<li data-track="427">Res = f_read(&fil, (void*)DestinationAddress, PACK_LEN,</li>
<li data-track="428">&NumBytesRead);</li>
<li data-track="429">TimerA0_stop();</li>
<li data-track="430">take_time = TimerA_Read_Counter_Register(TimerA0);</li>
<li data-track="431">r_t+=take_time;</li>
<li data-track="432">xil_printf("--------------------------------\n");</li>
<li data-track="433">xil_printf("take time:%d us\n",take_time);</li>
<li data-track="434">speed = PACK_LEN*(1000000/((float)(take_time)));</li>
<li data-track="435">sprintf(txt,"read speed:%.2f MB/s\n",(float)(speed)/1024/1024);</li>
<li data-track="436">rsum = rsum+speed;</li>
<li data-track="437">xil_printf(txt);</li>
<li data-track="438">xil_printf("--------------------------------\n");</li>
<li data-track="439">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="440">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="441">}</li>
<li data-track="442"> </li>
<li data-track="443"> </li>
<li data-track="444">for(BuffCnt = 0; BuffCnt < PACK_LEN; BuffCnt++){</li>
<li data-track="445">if(test_buffer != DestinationAddress){</li>
<li data-track="446">xil_printf("%dno",BuffCnt);</li>
<li data-track="447">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="448">}</li>
<li data-track="449">}</li>
<li data-track="450">xil_printf("test num:%d data check right!\n",test_time+1);</li>
<li data-track="451">test_time++;</li>
<li data-track="452">if(test_time==100)</li>
<li data-track="453">{</li>
<li data-track="454">sprintf(txt,"Total write: %.2f KB,Take time:%.2f ms, Write speed:%.2f MB/s\n",PACK_LEN*100/1024.0,w_t/100.0/1000.0,wsum/100/1024/1024);</li>
<li data-track="455">xil_printf(txt);</li>
<li data-track="456">sprintf(txt,"Total read: %.2f KB,Take time:%.2f ms, Read speed:%.2f MB/s\n",PACK_LEN*100/1024.0,r_t/100.0/1000.0,rsum/100/1024/1024);</li>
<li data-track="457">xil_printf(txt);</li>
<li data-track="458">Res = f_close(&fil);</li>
<li data-track="459">if (Res) {</li>
<li data-track="460">return XST_FAILURE;</li>
<li data-track="461">}</li>
<li data-track="462">return 0;</li>
<li data-track="463">}</li>
<li data-track="464">}</li>
<li data-track="465"> </li>
<li data-track="466">}</li>
<li data-track="467"> </li>
<li data-track="468">int main(void)</li>
<li data-track="469">{</li>
<li data-track="470">TimerA0_init();</li>
<li data-track="471"> </li>
<li data-track="472">SDCard_test();</li>
<li data-track="473">xil_printf("finish");</li>
<li data-track="474">return 0;</li>
<li data-track="475">}</li>
</ol>
<h1 data-track="476" spellcheck="false">五、测试结果</h1>
<p data-track="477">  经测试，两种型号的芯片读写速度如下图表所示。</p>
<p data-track="478">  其SD NAND的读写速度随着读写数据量的增加而增加，并且读速率大于写速率，这符合SD卡的特性；</p>
<p data-track="479">  对比两种型号SD NAND芯片，发现CSNP32GCR01-AOW型号具有更高的读写速度；</p>
<p> </p>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<p>7</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<p> </p>
<h1 data-track="480" spellcheck="false">六、总结</h1>
<p data-track="481">  本来打算拿这些样片去试试信息安全领域是否有所应用，但发现其似乎内置了复位或初始化，导致无法提取上电时的不确定值，故无法提取该SD NAND的物理不可克隆特性，所以这方面的测试无法进行；</p>
<p data-track="482">  对于芯片正常读写的测试结果，还是很让人满意的，芯片的价格也很合理。并且LGA-8封装更适合无卡槽的嵌入式开发板设计，在一定的应用领域有着简化硬件设计、减小硬件面积的功能。</p>
<p data-track="483">  最后贴上测试工程的链接，还迎复现实验: <a href="https://gitee.com/gewenjie_host/sd_-nand_-zynq700_test" target="_blank">https://gitee.com/gewenjie_host/sd_-nand_-zynq700_test</a></p>
<p data-track="484">————————————————</p>
<p data-track="485">【本文转载自CSDN，作者：PPRAM】</p>
<p> </p>
</div><script> var loginstr = '<div class="locked">查看本帖全部内容，请<a href="javascript:;" style="color:#e60000" class="loginf">登录</a>或者<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/member.php?mod=register_eeworld.php&action=wechat" style="color:#e60000" target="_blank">注册</a></div>';
if(parseInt(discuz_uid)==0){
(function($){
var postHeight = getTextHeight(400);
$(".showpostmsg").html($(".showpostmsg").html());
$(".showpostmsg").after(loginstr);
$(".showpostmsg").css({height:postHeight,overflow:"hidden"});
})(jQuery);
} </script><script type="text/javascript">(function(d,c){var a=d.createElement("script"),m=d.getElementsByTagName("script"),eewurl="//counter.eeworld.com.cn/pv/count/";a.src=eewurl+c;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(document,523)</script>
页:
[1]