【大学生电子竞赛题目分析】——2016年上海市TI杯B题 《短波频段数字通信系统设计》
<div class='showpostmsg'><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:黑体">一、任务</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">设计一个短波频段全数字收发通信演示系统,要求通信调制模式采用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">BPSK</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">调制方式,调制符号率固定,调制载波通过程序设置,范围</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1MHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">5MHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,在接收方要求去除调制载波,并用示波器观察基带波形。下图给出演示系统设计框图:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:黑体">二、要求</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">.基本要求</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)产生三种数据序列:全</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">序列、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">01</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">交替序列、伪随机周期序列(生成式:</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">f</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">(<i>x</i>) = <i>x</i><sup>4</sup>+<i>x</i>+1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">);</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">2</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)对数据序列进行</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">BPSK</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">调制,调制符号率设置为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">25K</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">3</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)调制载波设置为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%"> 2.5MHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">4</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)调制信号输出幅度为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%"> 5Vpp</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">5</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)接收模块实现载波同步,恢复基带,并用示波器观察基带波形。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">2</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">.发挥部分</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)发射模块调制载波在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1MHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">5MHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围内以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1KHz</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">步进进行设置;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">2</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)接收模块在频率范围内自动搜索跟踪,实现载波同步,恢复基带,用示波器可观察清晰基带波形;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">3</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)改变发射模块信号输出幅度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%"> 0.1V~5Vpp</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,接收模块实现正确接收;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">4</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)人机交互友善,具备参数设置功能、载波频率等状态信息显示功能。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:黑体">三、说明</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)基本部分</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">1</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">4</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">要求在发射模块实现;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">2</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)收发模块中的载波自行产生,不可用信号源代替;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">3</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)发射模块和接收模块独立设计,收发模块采用有线连接,不可选用相同参考时钟;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="115%">4</span><span style="115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)收发各节点信号(如数据序列、基带成型、收发本地载波以及调制解调信号等)提供测试点,能用示波器或频谱仪进行观察,从而进行功能、性能测试。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">本题目相关模块较多,下面逐一分析之。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、序列生成器。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">按照题目要求生成</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">3</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">种序列,全</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">序列、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">01</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">交替序列、伪随机周期序列(生成式:</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">f</span></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">(<i>x</i>) = <i>x</i><sup>4</sup>+<i>x</i>+1</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">)。全</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">系列实际上是一个不变的逻辑高电平;</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">01</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">交替系列实际上就是时钟信号;伪随机序列发生器的电路如下图。</span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的符号率与移位寄存器的时钟具有相同的速率,按照题目的要求为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">25kHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、基带成型电路。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">首先将数字序列进行编码。由于题目要求的数字序列包含全</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">序列,所以这个编码是必须的,否则接收端将无法还原同步信号。另外,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">所有</span>PSK<span style="font-family:宋体">信号都有一个基本特征就是其</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">解调有相位模糊现象,所以这个编码必须采用相对码格式,其中最为常见的是差分曼彻斯特码。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">差分</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">曼彻斯特</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">码的编码规律如下:基带比特流中的每个码元拆分为两个脉冲,在每个码元中点发生电平跳变;“</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">”除了在码元中点有电平跳变外,还要在该码元开始的时候有电平跳变,而“</span>0<span style="font-family:宋体">”仅在码元中点有电平跳变。由于</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">和</span>0<span style="font-family:宋体">仅与信号的电平跳变有关而与绝对电平无关,从而避免了相位模糊现象。下图是差分</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">曼彻斯特</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">码的波形:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">采用差分曼彻斯特码时,其编码电路的时钟应该是序列生成器时钟的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">倍(本题中为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">50kHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)且两个时钟应该相位相关。最简单的做法就是设计一个</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">50kHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的时钟发生器(例如采用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">555</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">芯片)作为编码器的时钟,同时将这个时钟</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">分频作为序列生成器的时钟。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">在编码器后应当插入一个预调制滤波器。该滤波器是一个具有平坦延迟特性的低通滤波器,可以有效抑制矩形脉冲信号的高次谐波造成的带外功率辐射。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">上述序列生成器与基带成型电路的结构如下图。其中低通滤波器为一个</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">阶贝塞尔型有源滤波器,按照截止频率</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">65kHz</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Q</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">值</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0.58</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">进行设计,其余电路均为数字逻辑电路,这里不再展开。</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">3</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、本地载波发生器。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">按照题目发挥部分的要求,载波频率在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围内以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1KHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">步进进行设置。显然以锁相环构成的频率合成器是最合适的选择。考虑到频率不高,具体电路选择以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">MC145151</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">作为鉴相器与分频器再加上</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">HC4046</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">中的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">VCO</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">较为简单,电路如下图。其中</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">构成环路滤波器,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R3</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R4</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C3</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">是</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">VCO</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的偏置电阻与振荡电容,决定了</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">VCO</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的振荡频率。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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本帖最后由 gmchen 于 2022-5-10 16:20 编辑
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">4</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">调制器与信号滤波放大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">已调波的表达式为</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">其中</span><i>V<sub>c</sub></i>sin(<i>ω<sub>c</sub>t</i>)<span style="font-family:宋体">是载波,</span><i>a</i>(<i>t</i>)<span style="font-family:宋体">是双极性基带信号。对于矩形波,</span><i>a</i>(<i>t</i>) = +1<span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>-1<span style="font-family:宋体">。对于经过预调制滤波器后的基带信号,用交流(电容)耦合将其中的直流分量滤除,就是双极性基带信号</span><i>a</i>(<i>t</i>)<span style="font-family:宋体">。将双极性基带信号</span><i>a</i>(<i>t</i>)<span style="font-family:宋体">与载波相乘就可以得到</span>BPSK<span style="font-family:宋体">已调波。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">下面分析具体电路。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">从原理上说,任何具有乘法功能的器件都可以作为</span>BPSK<span style="font-family:宋体">调制器,例如实验室常见的</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">调制解调芯片</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">MC1496</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">或乘法器芯片</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,甚至一个二极管或三极管也可以作为调制器使用。但是在实际电路中必须考虑更多的问题,例如前后级的电平匹配问题、电源兼容问题、设计与制作的难易程度、元器件是否容易获得等等。前述的各个乘法器件中,显然二极管或三极管的设计是比较繁的(也许电路很简单,但是性能参数计算较繁,失真也很难控制)。比较另外两个集成电路后可发现,尽管</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">MC1496</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">可以达到调制要求,但是其电源与系统中其他芯片比较难以统一,外围器件也比较多,设计中需要考虑的地方也比较多。而</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">就比较简单,其电源为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">±5V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(与系统中的运放兼容),增益固定,外围器件几乎没有,所以是本设计的首选。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">选用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">需要注意的一个问题是:其输入差模电压范围为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">±1V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、共模电压范围为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-2.5V~+3V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。本级的两个输入信号中,一个是基带信号,另一个是频率合成器输出的载波信号,它们都是数字电路信号,峰峰值均接近</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(假定基带信号后续的低通滤波器的直流增益为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">),超出了</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的允许输入电压范围,为此需在输入端用电阻分压。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">下图是基于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的调制器电路。其后的放大器是为了满足题目的要求:发射模块的输出电压为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">0.1Vpp~5Vpp</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。由于载波频率在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围内变化,所以这是一个高频宽带放大器,选用高速运放(例如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD8047</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">OPA695</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">)可以满足要求,具体的放大倍数要根据调制器的输出幅度确定。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">6</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、信号接收调理。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">这是一个高频宽带放大器,频带宽度为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。由于要求能够在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">0.1Vpp~5Vpp</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围内实现正确接收,此放大器应该具有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">功能,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">控制范围不低于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">34dB</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。有多个</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">VGA</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">芯片可用于设计此</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">放大器。例如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,其可变增益范围约</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">40dB</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,增益与带宽可通过外接反馈电阻调整。外接反馈电阻短路时,增益约为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-10dB~30dB</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,带宽</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">90MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">基于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">设计的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">放大器电路如下图。由于题目要求发射模块的输出电压最大为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5Vpp</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,而</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的最大允许输入电压只有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,所以在放大器的输入端串联了一个</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">200Ω</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">电阻,该电阻与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的输入电阻</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">100Ω</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">构成分压,使得</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的实际输入电压不至于超限,同时也使得发射模块的输出放大器不至于负载过重。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">电路设计中最困难的部分是如何获得准确的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">控制电压。上图电路中是采用两个晶体管与电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">构成</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">控制电压产生电路的,其工作原理如下:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的控制电压是</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">脚电位与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">脚电位之差,它在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-0.5V~+0.5V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">之间变化时,增益由最小值变化到最大值,即控制电压的变动范围是</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">脚电位倍电阻分压固定在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">脚电位是电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">上的电压,所以电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">上的控制电压范围为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">0.5V~1.5V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">晶体管</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">构成一个恒流源对电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">充电,如果没有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,那么电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">上的电压最终会达到</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">+2V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">以上。当放大器输出的负电压峰值低于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-0.7V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的发射结压降)时,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">将导通,电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">通过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">放电,电压将下降。当流过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的放电电流与流过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的充电电流平衡时,电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">C</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">上面的电压决定了放大器的增益。由于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">Q1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的充电电流恒定,所以达到平衡后的放电电流也基本不变,即放大器的输出电压基本不变,达到</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AGC</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的目的。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">要计算输出电压,就要计算达到平衡状态下的电容充电电流与放电电流。对于上图的电路,流过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Q1</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的充电电流</span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">其中</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">是电源</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">+5V</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Q1</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">基极之间的压差,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0.7</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">是晶体管发射结的压降</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">但是流过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Q2</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的放电电流是一个幅度周期变化的脉冲波形,不容易精确计算。设输出电压峰值为</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">V<sub>p</sub></span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,一个近似的结果是</span></span></p>
<p>其中 </p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">令上面两个电流相等,可以得到输出电压的峰值</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">V<sub>p</sub></span></i><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。然而这是一个超越方程,无法求解,只能用数值方法得到近似解。在调试中可以通过改变</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的比例来调整输出电压,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R2/R1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">越大输出电压越高。不过考虑到此放大器后级是乘法器,而乘法器的允许最大输入电压不会很高(例如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD835</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的最大输入差模电压为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">±1V</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">),所以不宜将输出电压调得太高。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的阻值按照下列原则确定:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">AD603</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的极限输出驱动能力为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">50mA</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,但设计的输出电流应该比这个数值小很多,所以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R2</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的值大致上应该在几百欧到</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">千欧之间。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">R1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">应该与此同数量级。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">流过电容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">C</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的电流是波动的,波动周期是输入基带信号的周期,波动量可以按前面计算的充电电流</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I</span></span></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1</span></span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的一半计算。此电流波动将引起</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">AGC</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">控制电压的波动,进一步</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">引起增益波动。控制电压</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">波动量为</span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">其中</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">T</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">是</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输入基带信号的周期,即</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1/50kHz</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">增益波动量为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:5.0pt"><img id="_x0000_i1025" o:ole="" src="file:///C:/Users/gmchen/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.wmz" style="width:51pt; height:16pt" /> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,其中</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">k</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">是</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">AD603</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的增益控制系数,约为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">40dB/V</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">。所以只要确定一个允许的增益波动程度,例如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1dB</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,就可以上述关系倒推出</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">C</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">的大小。</span></span> </p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">7</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、载波恢复与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">解调。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">这部分电路要求能够自动在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">1MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">~</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">5MHz</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围内搜索输入信号频率并实现同步。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">要解调</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">PSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">信号必须有载波同步信号,由于题目明确收发模块之间不可选用相同参考时钟,所以必须在接收模块中恢复载波同步信号。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">BPSK<span style="font-family:宋体">信号为</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">其基带信号</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">(<i>t</i>)</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">+1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。通常</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">基带信号中</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">+1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">与</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">出现的几率几乎相同(包括本题采用的差分曼彻斯特编码),即基带信号的平均分量为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">0</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,此时</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">已调波中没有载频分量,无法直接用锁相环锁定</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">信号的载频同步信号。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">有两种</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">BPSK</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的同步解调电路,其中一个电路称为平方环,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">电路结构如下图。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">这个电路先将</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">BPSK</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">已调波平方:</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">基带信号</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">a</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">(<i>t</i>)</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">等于</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">+1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:115%">-1</span><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,经过平方后就出现了平均直流分量,因此</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">平方后的信号中包含载频信号的</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">倍频。用锁相环锁定此</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">倍频信号,再将锁相环的输出进行</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">分频即可得到载频同步信号。分频后的同步信号可能与发射端的相位相同,但也可能与发射端的相差</span>180<span style="font-family:宋体">°(反相),这就是相位模糊。发射端采用差分曼彻斯特码的原因即缘于此。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">这个电路中的锁相环按照通常的同步电路要求进行设计,其闭环带宽应当远小于输入频率。同步解调电路是一个乘法器,输入信号与同步信号相乘后,经过滤波器输出的低频部分就是基带信号,所以此低通滤波器的阶数与截止频率等参数应该保证基带信号通过而载频信号有足够的衰减。具体的细节就不再展开讨论了。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">题目要求将此基带信号送示波器观察,其结果应该类似下图,通常称为“眼图”。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-align:left">讨论</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">本题是一个非常典型的数字通信系统。若在发射模块中加入上变频电路将载波提高到发射频率,通过射频功率放大后送天线发射;在接收模块中加入射频前置放大、下变频、中放,以及在基带输出后面加上位同步电路和判决输出等,基本上就是一个完整的无线数字通信系统。</p>
<p>看着是非常棒哒!</p>
<p>竞赛的题目还是有一定的深度,多学习学习。</p>
<p><img height="48" src="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/static/editor/plugins/hkemoji/sticker/facebook/wanwan58.gif" width="54" /></p>
知识永远不过时,加油!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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