position2Go测评1、初识
<div class='showpostmsg'><p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><o:wrapblock> </o:wrapblock></span></span></span></p><p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">本次上手评测的是英飞凌POSITION2GO(P2G)原型板。</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">开了箱了</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">P2G</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">是一款工作在24GHz ISM频段的调频连续波(FMCW)雷达,利用多普勒效应来探测运动目标的位置和相对运动速度。相关背景可以搜索 FMCW雷达基本原理。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">P2G</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">原型板的官宣中所述提供评测的功能和参数主要有以下几点:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">多目标位置的检测与跟踪;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">多目标距离检测;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">移动物体的运动、速度和方向检测;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">恶劣环境不敏感,可透过非金属物体进行检测;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">小尺寸板(5cm*4.5cm)24GHz ISM频段模块,可用于完整系统中的功能模块;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">板载微带天线;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">最小测距长度为1米,最大测距长度为25米。如果检测的目标是人,则最大测距长度为12米;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">雷达检测的视野水平方向为76<sup>o</sup>,竖直方向为19<sup>o</sup>。</span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:28px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">还有一些其他官宣参数,后面相关部分中补充。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">以下从主板,收发器,MCU三部分拆析POSITION2GO原型板。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">主板</span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">P2G</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">原型板主要由两个大的部分组成:可一次性掰开的板载调试器和雷达处理主板。调试器部分不是关注对象,后续不涉及该部分内容。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">雷达处理主板大致可以分为四个主要部分:①射频处理、②信号处理、③频率控制和④数字部分。分别由①英飞凌硅锗技术的24GHz ISM频段射频收发器BGT24MTR12与主板背面裸露的微带天线、②四路OPA2376和PGA112组成的两级增益放大回路、③40MHz振荡器与LMX2491低噪声小数N分频锁相环和④英飞凌配备DSP和单精度浮点处理能力的XMC4700 CortexM4 MCU控制射频前端、增益放大与接收信号处理。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">PMOS</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">控制的LDO LP5912用于XMC4700周期性开闭BGT24MTR12射频前端,以达到降低运行功率、减小热耗散的目的。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">BGT24MTR12</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的原始TX输出通路由一对差分信号组成。这对信号经由匹配电路送入Wilkinson合路器合成为一路TX信号输出。合成信号经二次谐波微带滤波后馈送至微带天线。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:red"> 需要注意的是</span>这里有一个不太明显的地方。原理图与AD工程在二次谐波滤波后馈送至天线,如上图。很难看出器件标号RO4350部分还有一个隔直器,事实上器件号RO4350是发送端微带天线。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">在应用手册上所示该部分比较明显,如下图DC Block部分所示。RX接收部分的两根天线也有这样的不一致。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><o:wrapblock> </o:wrapblock></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">另外需要说明的是,射频前端的PCB板材、铜箔厚度、阻抗、匹配结构、布局、走线等设计资料,可以在应用手册AN553与数据手册中找到一些说明。对于使用BGT24MTR12器件自制雷达器件的朋友是一份十分重要的参考材料。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">BGT24MTR12</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的原始RX通道由两根微带天线、匹配电路、隔直器等组成,分别为RX1和RX2。RX1和RX2可用于到达角检测:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">40MHz</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">振荡器KC3225K40MHz,具有斜坡/线性调频脉冲生成功能的 6.4GHz低噪声小数N分频锁相环LMX2491和BGT24MTR12的压控振荡控制与反馈部分共同构成雷达主板的频率部分,如下图所示。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">功能框图如下所示:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">该部分的详细解析应参考AN553的4.6节。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">主板上另一个关键部分是经由BGT24MTR12解调出来的两组正交IQ差分接收信号,分别为IFI,IFIx,IFQ,IFQx,两个接收端则共有八个接收信号输出,分别为IF1_I,IF1_Ix,IF1_Q,IF1_Qx,IF2_I,IF2_Ix,IF2_Q,IF2_Qx。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">八个由BGT24MTR12输出的接收信号经由差分OPA2376放大和PGA112增益放大后输出到XMC4700 MCU中的ADC端口。XMC4700 ADC采样后进行数学运算。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据被测目标和所在环境的不同,板载的两级放大器可由XMC4700 MCU进行两种放大控制。第一种是控制是否启用二级可编程增益放大器的高增益信号,第二种是控制可编程增益放大器的放大倍数。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">有一些具体的放大倍数、增益、频率爬升时间与带宽等参数应该参考AN553的4.7.1和4.7.2节。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">雷达板上最后一部分值得说明的是主板两边2*14的2.54间距引脚。除了XMC4700的数字信号外,还有大量中间信号与射频信号被引出,用户可以在测试阶段进行详细的物理参数测试。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">收发器 BGT24MTR12</span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">BGT24MTR12 </span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">器件官宣特性包括以下比较显著的亮点:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">24GHz ISM </span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">频段收发器 MMIC,具有一个发射器和两个接收器单元;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">完全集成 VCO 的低相位噪声;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">具有 1.5GHz 和 23kHz 输出功率的可切换预分频器;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">片上功率和温度传感器;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">吉尔伯特型零差正交接收器;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">单端 RF 输入终端;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">低噪声系数 NFSSB:12 dB;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">高转换增益:26 dB;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1 dB </span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">高输入压缩点:-12 dBm;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">单电源电压 3.3 V;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">660 mW </span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">低功率;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify" value="50"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">200GHz </span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">双极 SiGe:C 技术 b7hf200。</span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">下图是BGT24MTR12收发器的原理框图。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">FINE</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">和COARSE 用于调节内部压控振荡器的振荡频率,Q1,Q2两种不同分频的分频输出可用于监控和反馈。参见上面雷达主板部分说明。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 需要注意的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">BGT24MTR12</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21pt; font-size: 20px; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体">的数据手册3.3节Table11有寄存器的操作说明,不仔细看的话此处很容易被忽略掉。</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">还可以参考AN305,《BGT24MTR11用户指南》(BGT24MTR12也部分适用)。当然AN305中的具体设置部分只是有提及,看起来不够详细,还需要结合DAVE工程中具体的器件驱动。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">有关VCO,预分频,功率放大PA,TX,本振OL,低噪放大器LNA,混频器,片载温度传感器等内容,可参考AN305。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"> </p>
<ol start="3">
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">XMC4700</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">感谢英飞凌和EEWORLD组织的XMC4700 Relax 5V shield评测活动,该MCU部分的更详细评测可参见:</span></span><a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1090140-1-1.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">英飞凌XMC4700 Relax 5V shield</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">测评</span></span></span></a><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">,不在此再重复。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><br />
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