解读物联网
<DIV><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">最近,一个热门的技术,进出各种高科技成果展会,出没在多个行业领域。它,就是物联网。作为智慧城市建设的重要应用支撑,随着智慧城市建设的大范围阔步推进,物联网更是风起云涌。但物联网究竟为何物?<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN>日,在突尼斯举行的信息社会世界峰会(<SPAN lang=EN-US>WSIS</SPAN>)上,国际电信联盟(<SPAN lang=EN-US>ITU</SPAN>)发布了《<SPAN lang=EN-US>ITU</SPAN>互联网报告<SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN>:物联网》,正式提出了“物联网”的概念。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">根据<SPAN lang=EN-US>ITU</SPAN>的描述,在物联网时代,通过在各种各样的日常用品上<A name=_GoBack></A>嵌入一种短距离的移动收发器,人类在信息与通信世界里将获得一个新的沟通维度,从任何时间、任何地点的人与人之间的沟通连接扩展到人与物和物与物之间的沟通连接。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">具体来说,物联网(<SPAN lang=EN-US>Internet of Things</SPAN>)是通过射频识别(<SPAN lang=EN-US>RFID</SPAN>)、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备,按约定的协议,把任何物品与互联网连接起来,进行信息交换和通讯,以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>RFID</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">技术是物联网中非常重要的组成部分。<SPAN lang=EN-US>RFID</SPAN>标签中存储着规范而具有互用性的信息,通过无线数据通信网络把它们自动采集到中央信息系统,实现物品(商品)的识别,进而通过开放性的计算机网络实现信息交换和共享,从而实现对物品的“透明”管理。和必须“看见”才能识读的条码技术不同,<SPAN lang=EN-US>RFID</SPAN>技术的优点在于可以无接触的方式实现远距离、多标签甚至在快速移动的状态下自动识别。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">传感网络技术,使“感知”成为现实。它通过随机分布的集成有传感器、数据处理单元和通信单元的微小节点,测量周边环境中的热、红外、声纳、雷达和地震波信号,从而探测包括温度、湿度、噪声、光强度、压力、土壤成分,移动物体的大小、速度和方向等物质现象。它拓宽了物品信息的自动提取方式及范围,能够全面提取物品的各类特征信息,从而形成一个可以感知现实世界的智能网络。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>GPS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">卫星定位技术等也是感知物品,尤其是感知动态物流,实现物品移动可视化管理的一项技术,它与传感技术及图像识别技术结合,可以动态地感知现实世界。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">此外,物联网还结合云计算、模糊识别等各种智能计算技术,对海量的跨地域、跨行业、跨部门的数据和信息进行分析处理,提升对物理世界、经济社会各种活动和变化的洞察力,实现智能化的决策和控制。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">可以说,物联网是继互联网后的又一次技术革新。目前,物联网已被我国列入国家战略性新兴产业规划,日前更出台了《物联网“十二五”发展规划》。在政府的大力扶持下,物联网正加速发展。(来源:</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">医药经济报</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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