新能源汽车预充控制原理解析
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">本文章主要是对直流充电(快充)的工作原理进行分析,以便让各位读者了解新能源汽车充电的整个过程。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">充电系统分为常规充电(俗称慢充)及快速充电(俗称快充)两种方式。慢充系统:慢充系统使用交流220V单相民用电,通过整流变换,将交流电变换为高压直流电给动力电池进行供电。慢充系统主要部件:供电设备(电缆保护盒、充电桩&充电线等)、慢充接口、车内高压线束、高压配电盒、车载充电机、动力电池等。快充系统:快充系统一般使用工业380V三相电,通过功率变换后,直接将高压大电流通过母线直接给动力电池进行充电。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">快充系统主要部件:电源设备(快充桩)、快充接口、车内高压线束、高压配电盒、动力电池等。我们要对车辆进行充电,需要经过一系列的操作才能完成,下面我们主要对快充系统的充电原理进行分析。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>1 </strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">摘枪、插枪过程</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">按着充电枪的机械锁按钮,把枪从充电桩中摘下来,再插入车辆的直流充电口。(根据电路原理图图1进行分析)在充电枪放置在充电桩时,这是机械锁是锁止的,这时S是闭合的,在检测点1所示的电压为6V,如图2所示;当按下充电枪的机械锁时,这时S就断开的,检测点1的电压为12V(蓄电池电压),如图3所示。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">当把充电枪插入充电座时,这时S还是断开的,R1与R4就形成了一电路,监测点1的电压为6V,如图4所示;但放开机械锁按钮,这时R1、R4与R2形成了电路,这时监测点1的电压为4V,如图5所示。同时,监测点2(CC2)也收到一个插电确认电压,此电压为辅助确认信号;电子锁同时上锁。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">由此以上几个对检测点信号的变化,非车载充电机控制器就接受到充电枪从摘抢到插枪的步骤操作完成。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>2.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">充电桩对车电压供给及充电桩的自检过程</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">在完成上面操作,非车载充电机控制系统收到完成插枪信号,这时控制系统就控制接通对电动车低压供电系统进行供电,以保证对车辆充电顺利完成,以防车辆因蓄电池电压不够而导致充电操作中断或失败(因为充电过程需要较长的时间,一般需要4-6小时);在对车辆低压供电之后,充电桩进行对充电电路进行自检,如图6所示;并输出绝缘监控电压,如图7所示;和泄压过程,如图8所示。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>3</strong></span></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">这时完成充电侧的检测时,这时断开K1、K2。充电控制器发出充电辨别匹配报文。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>4 </strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">车辆完成充电准备过程</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">车辆接收到充电控制器发送的充电辨别匹配报文时,进行车辆充电侧的检测,这时闭合K5、K6,对充电电路进行监测,监测完成后;车辆控制器就给充电控制器发送充电就绪报文,如图9所示。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>5.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">充电控制器完成充电准备</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">这时充电控制器接收到车辆控制器送过来的报文,就闭合K1、K2,同时发送充电就绪报文。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>6.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">进行充电过程</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">充电控制器发送充电状况报文,同时对车辆(动力电池)输出充电电流;车辆这时也同时发送动力电池状态信息,如图10所示。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>7.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">中止充电过程(充满停止)</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">当电池充满中止充电或是充电控制器中止充电时,充电控制器发出充电中止报文,同时断开K1、K2;车辆接受到中止报文时,断开K5、K6,如图11所示。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>0</strong><strong>8.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">停止阶段,释放能量过程</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">在充电端和电池端都断开后,要进行电路能量的释放。如图12所示。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>09.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">断开辅助电源及电子锁</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">完成以上操作后,充电控制器断开对车辆的辅助电源K3、K4;并同时解除电子锁。经过以上几大步骤的操作,就完成了对车辆进行直流快充充电,给车辆补给了能量。</span></p>
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<section><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>10.</strong></span><strong style="font-size: 16px;">总结</strong></section>
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<p><span style="font-size:16px;">本文主要描述分析了直流快充对车辆充电的充电原理,分步骤、分层面地进行分析剖析整个充电过程。</span></p>
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<p>主要强调的就是安全和效率 </p>
<p>楼主分享的技术信息非常具有实用价值,值得收藏学习</p>
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