【Follow me第二季第2期】任务汇总

qzc飘曳 发表于 2024-10-10 19:14

本帖最后由 qzc飘曳于 2024-11-1 12:20 编辑

<article data-content="[{"type":"block","id":"3060-1621846615933","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"p5PQ-1621846617594","leaves":[{"text":"本次活动已经接近尾声了，我们一起通过学习实现了物联网的基本流程，本次活动是","marks":[]},{"text":"DigiKey联合EEWorld发起的Follow me活动第二季的第二期，精选高可玩性与教育价值的开发板及仪器套装，携手共赴实践盛宴。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 255)"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"3btC-1728556285618","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":0}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"hxeT-1728556285617","leaves":[{"text":"一、物料展示","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 255)"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7rsE-1728556300893","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"0aSF-1728556300892","leaves":[{"text":"主控板卡：","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 255)"}]}]},{"type":"inline","id":"EAPW-1728556323279","name":"link","data":{"href":"https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539"},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"yFdm-1728556323281","leaves":[{"text":"Arduino UNO R4 WiFi","marks":[]}]}]},{"type":"text","id":"QDck-1728556323282","leaves":[{"text":" ","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 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255)"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16}]},{"text":"®","marks":[]},{"text":"-M4 Renesas RA4M1微控制器，具有用于 Wi-Fi","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 255)"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16}]},{"text":"®","marks":[]},{"text":" 和蓝牙连接的ESP32模块，具备强大的计算能力和多种连接功能。该板SRAM 32kB，闪存256kB，时钟频率为48MHz，USB端口升级为USB-C，并且最大电源供应电压增加到24V。该板提供了一个CAN总线，允许用户通过连接多个扩展板来最小化布线并执行不同的任务。板载的Qwiic 连接器可以方便地创建即插即用风格的项目。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 255)"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"VsS3-1728556360076","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"jbZ4-1728556360075","leaves":[{"text":"传感器一：LTR-329光传感器扩展板","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 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μW)。电源修剪的内部加热器可以在三个加热级别使用，从而使传感器在苛刻的环境中运行。四针双平面无引线封装适用于表面贴装技术(SMT)加工，包括可选的封装上专利PTFE膜或可拆卸的保护罩。根据ISO17025的传感器特定校准证书，可通过唯一序列号识别。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"tCyM-1728556772564","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":0}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5fNC-1728556772562","leaves":[{"text":"二、整体思路","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"nUre-1728556791171","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"QIj8-1728556791169","leaves":[{"text":"本次的两个传感器板都是通过","marks":[]},{"text":"Qwiic 连接器进行沟通的，不过本次采购并没有采购连接线，超限了，不过多来了一个传感器还是很超值的，连接线就自己做了，通过连连串的方式进行连接，实现传感器和主控板的连接，然后开发板上有wifi模块可以实现无线连接，通过MQTT协议实现和HA平台的通信。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#333333"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 255, 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        本次活动已经接近尾声了，我们一起通过学习实现了物联网的基本流程，本次活动是DigiKey联合EEWorld发起的Follow me活动第二季的第二期，精选高可玩性与教育价值的开发板及仪器套装，携手共赴实践盛宴。

一、物料展示

        主控板卡：<a href="https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539">Arduino UNO R4 WiFi</a> 

  

        Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 是一款基于32位Arm® Cortex®-M4 Renesas RA4M1微控制器，具有用于 Wi-Fi® 和蓝牙连接的ESP32模块，具备强大的计算能力和多种连接功能。该板SRAM 32kB，闪存256kB，时钟频率为48MHz，USB端口升级为USB-C，并且最大电源供应电压增加到24V。该板提供了一个CAN总线，允许用户通过连接多个扩展板来最小化布线并执行不同的任务。板载的Qwiic 连接器可以方便地创建即插即用风格的项目。

        传感器一：LTR-329光传感器扩展板

  

        LTR-329ALS-01是一款低压I2C数字光传感器，采用低成本的微细片状无铅表面贴装封装。该传感器将光强度转换为能够直接I2C接口的数字输出信号。它在0.01勒克斯到64k勒克斯的宽动态范围内提供线性响应，非常适合高环境亮度下的应用。共有六种增益设置(1X, 2X, 4X, 8X, 48X和96X)可供用户配置。

        传感器二：SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板

  

        SHT4x是一个数字传感器平台，用于测量不同精度等级的相对湿度和温度。其I2C接口提供多个预配置的I2C地址，同时保持超低功耗预算(0.4 μW)。电源修剪的内部加热器可以在三个加热级别使用，从而使传感器在苛刻的环境中运行。四针双平面无引线封装适用于表面贴装技术(SMT)加工，包括可选的封装上专利PTFE膜或可拆卸的保护罩。根据ISO17025的传感器特定校准证书，可通过唯一序列号识别。

二、整体思路

        本次的两个传感器板都是通过Qwiic 连接器进行沟通的，不过本次采购并没有采购连接线，超限了，不过多来了一个传感器还是很超值的，连接线就自己做了，通过连连串的方式进行连接，实现传感器和主控板的连接，然后开发板上有wifi模块可以实现无线连接，通过MQTT协议实现和HA平台的通信。

三、任务实现

        这一部分主要写在了各个分贴中了，进行一下介绍和传送.

        开箱：

<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293418-1-1.html">        【Follow me第二季第2期】开箱 - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        配置开发环境：

<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293420-1-1.html">        【Follow me第二季第2期】配置开发环境 - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        入门任务：

        入门任务是搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！，环境我们在上一个章节已经搭建好了，这里主要是实现LED的翻转了和串口打印，这两个小功能也是我们熟悉新的开发板的开始，实际上就setup（）和loop（）两个函数，一个执行一次相当于初始化，一个是循环操作的。arduino方便的地方在于，很多操作都已经封装好，直接使用就可以，代码如下：

<pre>
<code>void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
Serial.println("Hello EEWorld！");
}</code></pre>

        启动GPIO和串口只用了两个函数，然后就是通过延时的方法进行循环控制实现LED的翻转：

  

        并在执行一次后串口打印一次"Hello EEWorld！"：

         详细内容可以进入分贴查看：

<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293421-1-1.html">        【Follow me第二季第2期】任务一 - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        基础任务：

        基础任务是驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线，实际上这个可以划分成若干个任务.96个LED的组成的矩阵，这个实际上是个单独实现的控制，每一个LED对应一位，为此我们需要设计几个字符进行循环显示并在loop（）中定时循环现实：

        循环显示代码如下：

<pre>
<code>ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
matrix.begin();
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
matrix.loadFrame(show_1);
delay(500); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_2);
delay(500); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_3);
delay(500); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_4);
delay(500); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_E);
delay(400); // wait for a second
matrix.clear();
delay(100); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_E);
delay(500); // wait for a second
matrix.loadFrame(show_W);
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}</code></pre>

        效果如下：

  

        视频效果可以看最后的效果视频中的任务二-LED整列显示部分；

        其他部分是对ADC、DAC、放大等部分的操作，并且用到了我们任务一中使用的串口打印，这个时候需要一些外部连接：

  

        放大器的外部配置更加重要，硬件的基本配置通过正向放大器的方式进行，ADC连接到OPAMP的正输入，也就是A1，A2的电压就虚短等于A1处电压，然后通过两个等大的电阻进行2被放大，A2到地连接一个，到输出连接一个，这样A3处的输出就是A1处的2倍了，通过ADC采集进行串口输出绘图。

        部分代码如下：

<pre>
<code>void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(A0, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A5, INPUT);
analogReadResolution(12);// 设置 ADC 分辨率为 12 位
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
matrix.begin();
matrix.loadFrame(show_4);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
for(int i = 0; i < 360; i++){
float rad = i * PI / 180.0;
int outputValue = (127 + 127 * sin(rad))/5;// 生成正弦波信号
analogWrite(A0, outputValue);// 输出到 DAC
// 控制输出频率
delay(100);
int value = analogRead(A5);// 读取 ADC 值
Serial.println(value);
}
}</code></pre>

       软件流程如下：

  

        部分效果如下：

         

        显示是通过arduino自带的串口工具查看的，由于只能显示50个数值，所以只能看到正弦波的一部分，详细的可以查看视频讲解中任务二-ADC采集部分；

          详细内容可以进入分贴查看：

<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293422-1-1.html">        【Follow me第二季第2期】任务二 - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        进阶任务：

        通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）。这里主要就包含两部分了，一个是wifi的使用，还有一个是智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）的建立，当然了有很多坛友可能这一部分都已经创建了，毕竟玩物联网或者无线的很多都接触过，这个可以参照官方文件选择一个适合自己的方式创建就可以，之后通过MQTT模拟器进行实体的创建，之后我们就可以直接通过MQTT协议进行发送数据了，这一部分我们还可以不通过连接任何传感器，只是随机发送数据进行测试，只是验证MQTT协议和智能家居平台HA是否导通：

<pre>
<code>#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>
#include <WiFiS3.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <Arduino_JSON.h>
char ssid[] = "xxx";
char pass[] = "xxx";
const char broker[] = "192.168.72.127";
int port = 1883;
const char state_topic2[]= "homeassistant/sensor/sensorsth40/state";
WiFiClient wifiClient;
MqttClient mqttClient(wifiClient);
JSONVar dataObj;
const long interval = 1000;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
int count = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
}
Serial.println("HA com test");
Serial.println("connect to WPA SSID: ");
Serial.println(ssid);
// attempt to connect to WiFi network:
while (WiFi.begin(ssid, pass) != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print("......");
delay(5000);
}
Serial.print("connect wifi succeed!");
Serial.println();
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
// You can provide a unique client ID, if not set the library uses Arduino-millis()
// Each client must have a unique client ID
mqttClient.setId("clientId");
// You can provide a username and password for authentication
mqttClient.setUsernamePassword("admin", "admin");
Serial.print("connect to the MQTT broker: ");
Serial.println(broker);
if (!mqttClient.connect(broker, port)) {
Serial.print("MQTT connection failed! Error code = ");
Serial.println(mqttClient.connectError());
while (1);
}
Serial.println("connected to the MQTT succeed!");
Serial.println();
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
mqttClient.poll();
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
// save the last time a message was sent
previousMillis = currentMillis;
dataObj["cnt"] = count;
String jsonString = JSON.stringify(dataObj);
// send message, the Print interface can be used to set the message contents
mqttClient.beginMessage(state_topic);
mqttClient.print(jsonString);
mqttClient.endMessage();
count++;
if(count>=90)
 count = 0;
delay(1000);
}
}</code></pre>

         整体软件流程如下：

  

         详细内容可以进入分贴查看：

 <a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293424-1-1.html">       【Follow me第二季第2期】进阶任务 - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        拓展任务一起：

        我们这次选用了两个传感器，将资源利用最大化，为此我们需要制作连接线，arduino板子上直接有现成的接口，和板子是匹配的，一字串联皆可以了，这两个传感器的接口地址是不同，串联就可以，幸亏之前买过这个端子，确实不好掐啊：

  

        接下来只要实现这两个传感器的驱动就可以了，依然得益于arduino的高集成，我们只要需要使用对应的应用函数就可以，不过我们需要配置一些传感器忙着一部分在初始化中完成：

<pre>
<code>#include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h"
#include "Adafruit_LTR329_LTR303.h"
Adafruit_SHT4x sht4;
Adafruit_LTR329 ltr = Adafruit_LTR329();
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
}
if ( ! ltr.begin(&Wire1) ) {
Serial.println("Couldn't find LTR sensor!");
while (1) delay(10);
}
Serial.println("Found LTR sensor!");
ltr.setGain(LTR3XX_GAIN_2);
Serial.print("Gain : ");
switch (ltr.getGain()) {
case LTR3XX_GAIN_1: Serial.println(1); break;
case LTR3XX_GAIN_2: Serial.println(2); break;
case LTR3XX_GAIN_4: Serial.println(4); break;
case LTR3XX_GAIN_8: Serial.println(8); break;
case LTR3XX_GAIN_48: Serial.println(48); break;
case LTR3XX_GAIN_96: Serial.println(96); break;
}
ltr.setIntegrationTime(LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100);
Serial.print("Integration Time (ms): ");
switch (ltr.getIntegrationTime()) {
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_50: Serial.println(50); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_100: Serial.println(100); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_150: Serial.println(150); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_200: Serial.println(200); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_250: Serial.println(250); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_300: Serial.println(300); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_350: Serial.println(350); break;
case LTR3XX_INTEGTIME_400: Serial.println(400); break;
}
ltr.setMeasurementRate(LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200);
Serial.print("Measurement Rate (ms): ");
switch (ltr.getMeasurementRate()) {
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_50: Serial.println(50); break;
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_100: Serial.println(100); break;
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_200: Serial.println(200); break;
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_500: Serial.println(500); break;
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_1000: Serial.println(1000); break;
case LTR3XX_MEASRATE_2000: Serial.println(2000); break;
}
sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION);
switch (sht4.getPrecision()) {
case SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 set to High precision"));
 break;
case SHT4X_MED_PRECISION:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 set to Medium precision"));
 break;
case SHT4X_LOW_PRECISION:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 set to Low precision"));
 break;
}
sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER);
switch (sht4.getHeater()) {
case SHT4X_NO_HEATER:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater turned OFF"));
 break;
case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_1S:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: High heat for 1 second"));
 break;
case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_100MS:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: High heat for 0.1 second"));
 break;
case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_1S:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: Medium heat for 1 second"));
 break;
case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_100MS:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: Medium heat for 0.1 second"));
 break;
case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_1S:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: Low heat for 1 second"));
 break;
case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_100MS:
 Serial.println(F("SHT40 Heater: Low heat for 0.1 second"));
 break;
}
if (! sht4.begin(&Wire1)) {
Serial.println(F("SHT40 sensor not found!"));
while (1) ;
}
else
{
Serial.print(F("SHT40 detected!\t"));
Serial.print(F("Serial number:\t"));
Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX);
}
}</code></pre>

        循环中不断获取数据就可以，最后和上传数据进行一下关联，我们在HA中看到的就是传感器实时采集到的数据了：

<pre>
<code>void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
bool valid;
uint16_t visible_plus_ir, infrared;
if (ltr.newDataAvailable()) {
valid = ltr.readBothChannels(visible_plus_ir, infrared);
if (valid) {
 Serial.print("CH0 Visible + IR: ");
 Serial.print(visible_plus_ir);
 Serial.print("\t\tCH1 Infrared: ");
 Serial.println(infrared);
}
}
sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
sht4.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);// populate temp and humidity objects with fresh data
float tem = temp.temperature;
Serial.println("Temp *C = " + String(tem));
float hum = humidity.relative_humidity;
Serial.println("Hum. % = " + String(hum));

dataObj["cnt"] = count;
dataObj["hum"] = hum;
dataObj["tem"] = tem;
String jsonString1 = JSON.stringify(dataObj);
mqttClient.beginMessage(state_topic1);
mqttClient.print(jsonString1);
mqttClient.endMessage();
dataObj["LTR"] = visible_plus_ir;
String jsonString2 = JSON.stringify(dataObj);
mqttClient.beginMessage(state_topic2);
mqttClient.print(jsonString2);
mqttClient.endMessage();

delay(1000);
}</code></pre>

         整体的软件流程如下：

           详细内容可以进入分贴查看：

<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1293423-1-1.html">        【Follow me第二季第2期】传感器数据上传到HA - DigiKey得捷技术专区 - 电子工程世界-论坛 (eeworld.com.cn)</a>

        相关的配置和重点注意事项大家可以去对应的帖子查看。

四、代码分享

        所有任务代码可以直接放到对应的工程中打开，注意支持的库函数要进行适配下载，以及一些配置的地方配置成自己的内容。

<div></div>

五、视频讲解

<a href="https://training.eeworld.com.cn/course/68650/learn?preview=1#lesson/41079">        得捷电子Follow Me第二季第2期 - 得捷电子Follow Me第二季第2期 - EEWORLD大学堂</a>

        或者直接点开下面的视频查看：

f1855d8647910fa7639c05e6b869c294 
六、活动总结

        本次活动可以是第一次实现了物联网的功能，这一次使用的HA平台，可以说这个是本次最大的收获之一，就是实现了HA平台的搭建，再有一个就是<a href="https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539">Arduino</a>的使用真的是非常便捷，对于功能模块的验证非常方便，为活动点赞！也期待更多的坛友加入EEW的大家庭！

 

 

 

 
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【Follow me第二季第2期】任务汇总