激光雷达线数你知道多少呢
本帖最后由 火辣西米秀 于 2024-8-20 08:33 编辑<section powered-by="xiumi.us">
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">在提到激光雷达时，我们经常会看到“64 线”、“128 线”、“等效 300 线”等描述，那么什么是「线数」呢？激光雷达的线数是越多越好吗？</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">今天，我们就来聊一聊这个话题。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">对于 360° 旋转式和一维转镜式架构的激光雷达来说，有几组激光收发模块，垂直方向上就有几条线，被称为<strong>线数</strong>。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>这种情况下，线数就等同于激光雷达内部激光器的数量。</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">通俗来讲，<strong>线数越高，激光器的数量就越多，激光雷达的综合性能也就越强大</strong>。让我们来直观地对比一下不同线数激光雷达的点云效果，就很容易理解了：</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">16线/128线/64线模拟点云效果示意</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">很明显，当激光雷达线数越多时，能捕捉到的物体细节越丰富，也就是分辨率更高。正如上图中，128 线激光雷达形成的点云图明显更清晰，分辨率远远超过低线数激光雷达。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">虽然线数越多，效果越好。但如果在一个激光雷达内部垂直堆积 128 组激光收发模块，将会导致激光雷达的体积非常庞大，而且成本极高，根本无法实现大规模量产。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">你能想象，自己开着一辆顶着个“大花盆”激光雷达的汽车上路吗？</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">16线/32线/64线激光器堆叠效果示意</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">当然，这种事并不会发生。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">目前激光雷达行业最前沿的<strong>芯片化技术</strong>，已经能够将 128 组激光收发模块集成到几颗厘米级的芯片上。这样一来，一台“真 128 线”的激光雷达也可以变得十分小巧，轻松集成进车身了。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">128 组激光收发模块从分立架构到“芯片”化的转变示意</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">那么一个 128 线的激光雷达都有哪些好处呢？</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>线数越多，看得越清。</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">128 线的激光雷达扫描图案看起来整齐且清晰，而且全局都保持均匀的高分辨率。不论是汽车、行人，还是轮胎、锥桶等容易忽略的细节，都能被激光雷达准确完整地捕捉，确保驾驶系统做最准确的决策，避免危险的发生。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>线数越多，越安全。</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">不仅如此，激光器数量越多，可以提供更高的安全冗余。因为 128 个激光器独立工作，即便其中一个出现极小概率的失效问题，也不会对激光雷达的整体感知能力造成什么影响。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>总结一下： 在 360° 旋转式和一维转镜式架构中，激光雷达的线数就等于激光器的数量，的确是越多越好。</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">此外，在二维扫描架构中，还会看到“等效xx线”这个概念。“等效”线数，其实就是用少量激光器，通过高速二维扫描来实现类似高线数的扫描效果，实际上内部并没有那么多根“线”。而现在行业里对于“等效”线数尚未形成一个严格的定义，因此不展开讨论。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:18px;">随着激光雷达芯片化技术的不断迭代发展，未来高线数、高性能的激光雷达将会变得越来越小巧，成本也会持续降低，成为更多智能汽车的“标配”。</span></p>
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