【ST NUCLEO-U5A5ZJ-Q开发板测评】06 STM32U5系列的低功耗有多强

怀揣少年梦 发表于 2024-3-13 10:11

<div class='showpostmsg'> 本帖最后由怀揣少年梦于 2024-3-14 13:18 编辑

<article data-content="[{"type":"block","id":"3060-1621846615933","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"p5PQ-1621846617594","leaves":[{"text":"这期主要了解一下STM32实现超低功耗的机制以及实测一下STM32U5各种低功耗模式低功耗数据。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"TGhl-1707200525854","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"lyKK-1707200525852","leaves":[{"text":"一、STM32U5A5官方功耗数据","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"1vIH-1710292378292","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"bEbA-1710292378291","leaves":[{"text":"STM32U5A5是一款超低功耗的Cortex-M33内核的MCU，属于STM32U5系列；STM32U5系列是新一代超低功耗MCU，并且也是设计最为复杂的低功耗MCU。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"EesF-1710292472467","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"4yNd-1710292472466","leaves":[{"text":"官方给出的功耗数据如图：停止模式都在微安级别；待机和关断模式都达到了nA级别；","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"o8nF-1710292356436","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9174/WEBRESOURCE9efb71fde4fcdf9c8655abc8bb10312e","width":895,"height":750,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9174/WEBRESOURCE9efb71fde4fcdf9c8655abc8bb10312e","initialSize":{"width":895,"height":750}}},{"type":"block","id":"2Y92-1710292030285","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":0}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"bDTD-1710292030283","leaves":[{"text":"二、STM32U5系列实现超功耗的原因","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Peg9-1710292660313","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"1ABs-1710292660311","leaves":[{"text":"1、支持SMPS；","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ZBLx-1710293155654","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"WBip-1710293155653","leaves":[{"text":"STM32U5系列MCU支持在运行和低功耗模式下使用内部 SMPS，从而能够设计出非常高效的低功耗应用。注意带有“Q”后缀的 STM32U5系列器件（例如 STM32U5xxxxQ），低功耗设计可应用于工业智能流量计、健康及健身类穿戴产品、医疗监护设备、POS支付终端等对于功耗和安全性同时有高要求的场景。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"2BCF-1710292803527","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"NT9b-1710292803526","leaves":[{"text":"2、40nm先进工艺","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"WRTM-1710293165977","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"9FfF-1710293165976","leaves":[{"text":"我们知道越先进的工艺代表着功耗性能越好，之前的STM32采用90nm工艺制程，而STM32U5采用更先进40nm工艺，那功耗必然会降低，并同时改善了漏电流和动态电流。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"WFP8-1710292943917","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"z4XB-1710292943916","leaves":[{"text":"3、优化功耗管理","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"RCd5-1710293191083","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"3NPV-1710293191082","leaves":[{"text":"STM32U5改善了功耗管理模式，增加了低功耗后台自主模式（LPBAM，Low Power Background Autonomous Mode），和一些可以在低功耗下运行的外设和功能。STM32U5中有16kB SRAM作为低功耗后台的自主模式的存储空间，可以在CPU休眠的情况下，将I2C、SPI、串口、ADC等外设数据通过LPDMA传送至其中，然后当数据累积到一定数量时再唤醒CPU进行一次性批处理。通过避免频繁唤醒CPU，从而达到节省功耗的目的。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"l3UU-1710293051965","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"a1Kx-1710293051964","leaves":[{"text":"4、集成了高频率的DC/DC以及LDO。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"HrR4-1710293199293","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"slSN-1710293199292","leaves":[{"text":"通过集成高频率DC/DC，可减少VDD至内核供电的转换损耗，实现最优化的动态功耗和最快速的动态响应。而通过LDO，则可解决DC/DC启动时间较慢的弊端","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"k1ls-1710293202560","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"b3Wn-1710293202559","leaves":[{"text":"5、分区FLASH和SRAM","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"kmhQ-1710293234640","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"xWX8-1710293234639","leaves":[{"text":"类似LPRAM，提供分区的FLASH和SRAM，用户可以根据应用场景，将不常用的Flash关闭并按需开启，又或者通过降低FLASH读取速度降低功耗","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"D8G8-1710293401156","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"mKRw-1710293401155","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"bf9f-1707200453043","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":0}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"weLa-1707200453041","leaves":[{"text":"三、低功耗模式有哪些","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"NQmM-1710293407639","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"zMoX-1710293407638","leaves":[{"text":"1、睡眠模式","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"vIqS-1710293556589","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"If26-1710293556588","leaves":[{"text":"CPU 时钟关闭，包括 Cortex-M33 内核（例如 NVIC、SysTick 等）在内的所有外设都可以运行，并在发生中断或事件时唤醒 CPU。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"P00u-1710293556593","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5ZQX-1710293556592","leaves":[{"text":"2、停机模式","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"JNi2-1710293556595","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"2jxt-1710293556594","leaves":[{"text":"停机模式基于 Cortex-M33 深度睡眠模式与外设时钟门控的组合。核心域中的所有时钟均停止。禁用 PLL、MSIS、MSIK、HSI16 和 HSE 振荡器，如果外设请求，则可以在停机 0、停机 1、或停机 2 模式下启用 MSIS、MSIK、HSI16。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"b3Gd-1710293556603","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"M4GA-1710293556602","leaves":[{"text":"低功耗后台自主模式（LPBAM）","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"IA6e-1710293556605","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5PeR-1710293556604","leaves":[{"text":"一些外设是自主的，可以在需要时通过请求其内核时钟（最高 24MHz 的 MSIK，或 HSI16）及其总线（APB 或AHB）而在停机 0、停机 1、或停机 2 模式下运行，以便与 DMA（GPDMA1 或 LPDMA1，取决于外设和功耗模式）传输数据。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"mmse-1710293556607","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Go2g-1710293556606","leaves":[{"text":"3、待机模式","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"WLPS-1710293556611","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28},"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"LUiv-1710293556610","leaves":[{"text":"待机模式实现在保留欠压复位功能时的最低功耗：关闭内部调压器，从而关闭核心域。PLL、MSI（MSIS 和MSIK）RC、HSI16 RC 和 HSE 晶振也会关闭。RTC 可保持激活状态。可选择保留 8、56 或 64 KB 的 SRAM2。可以施加内部上拉或下拉来保持 I/O 电平。唤醒后的系统时钟为 MSIS，最高 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7.4mA","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Q0s8-1710295091201","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9251/WEBRESOURCE7cc218f21677070a110d4a7c4cfb09f6","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9251/WEBRESOURCE7cc218f21677070a110d4a7c4cfb09f6","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"ggOQ-1710294517527","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"0VLK-1710294517526","leaves":[{"text":"2)休眠模式 1.9mA 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49.4uA;","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"RaXi-1710295619258","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9253/WEBRESOURCE09e652a72a288d60bb3713f8ec28a69c","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9253/WEBRESOURCE09e652a72a288d60bb3713f8ec28a69c","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"heWW-1710294628779","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UAbI-1710294628778","leaves":[{"text":"模式2:：20.5uA;","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"9VVP-1710295627208","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9255/WEBRESOURCE03104ff12710996f4521cd68e32dc8bf","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9255/WEBRESOURCE03104ff12710996f4521cd68e32dc8bf","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"1TBW-1710294653901","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UdGH-1710294653900","leaves":[{"text":"模式3:7.2uA;","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"KcJ5-1710295638160","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9257/WEBRESOURCE33bc27809c49579d4b6ce2cd0f75c664","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9257/WEBRESOURCE33bc27809c49579d4b6ce2cd0f75c664","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"g0Kj-1710294664209","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5pCL-1710294664208","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sFq5-1710294666435","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"wRut-1710294666434","leaves":[{"text":"4）待机模式 0.6uA ","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"3heb-1710295647201","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9260/WEBRESOURCE051e3a14eeecb116a6c34e81f51d6cef","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9260/WEBRESOURCE051e3a14eeecb116a6c34e81f51d6cef","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"mVUF-1710294681783","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"BnHz-1710294681782","leaves":[{"text":"5）关断模式 0.5uA","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"fCP5-1710295653211","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9262/WEBRESOURCE39aa69b8658ac64df8dc1b96901466d8","width":1279,"height":1706,"fromIdentity":""},"nodes":[],"state":{"loading":false,"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/9262/WEBRESOURCE39aa69b8658ac64df8dc1b96901466d8","initialSize":{"width":1279,"height":1706}}},{"type":"block","id":"fbcv-1710294724017","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"LXs2-1710294724016","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"AYfm-1710294724162","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":{"textIndent":28}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"KRwf-1710294724161","leaves":[{"text":"总结，从数据来看，STM32U5A5的低功耗模式下电流是很小的，在一些应用上可以做到很省电，不得不说，国内还没有哪家可以做到这么低了。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}}]">
这期主要了解一下STM32实现超低功耗的机制以及实测一下STM32U5各种低功耗模式低功耗数据。

一、STM32U5A5官方功耗数据

        STM32U5A5是一款超低功耗的Cortex-M33内核的MCU，属于STM32U5系列；STM32U5系列是新一代超低功耗MCU，并且也是设计最为复杂的低功耗MCU。

官方给出的功耗数据如图：停止模式都在微安级别；待机和关断模式都达到了nA级别；

  

二、STM32U5系列实现超功耗的原因

        1、支持SMPS；

        STM32U5系列MCU支持在运行和低功耗模式下使用内部 SMPS，从而能够设计出非常高效的低功耗应用。注意带有“Q”后缀的 STM32U5系列器件（例如 STM32U5xxxxQ），低功耗设计可应用于工业智能流量计、健康及健身类穿戴产品、医疗监护设备、POS支付终端等对于功耗和安全性同时有高要求的场景。

        2、40nm先进工艺

        我们知道越先进的工艺代表着功耗性能越好，之前的STM32采用90nm工艺制程，而STM32U5采用更先进40nm工艺，那功耗必然会降低，并同时改善了漏电流和动态电流。

        3、优化功耗管理

        STM32U5改善了功耗管理模式，增加了低功耗后台自主模式（LPBAM，Low Power Background Autonomous Mode），和一些可以在低功耗下运行的外设和功能。STM32U5中有16kB SRAM作为低功耗后台的自主模式的存储空间，可以在CPU休眠的情况下，将I2C、SPI、串口、ADC等外设数据通过LPDMA传送至其中，然后当数据累积到一定数量时再唤醒CPU进行一次性批处理。通过避免频繁唤醒CPU，从而达到节省功耗的目的。

        4、集成了高频率的DC/DC以及LDO。

        通过集成高频率DC/DC，可减少VDD至内核供电的转换损耗，实现最优化的动态功耗和最快速的动态响应。而通过LDO，则可解决DC/DC启动时间较慢的弊端

        5、分区FLASH和SRAM

        类似LPRAM，提供分区的FLASH和SRAM，用户可以根据应用场景，将不常用的Flash关闭并按需开启，又或者通过降低FLASH读取速度降低功耗

三、低功耗模式有哪些

        1、睡眠模式

        CPU 时钟关闭，包括 Cortex-M33 内核（例如 NVIC、SysTick 等）在内的所有外设都可以运行，并在发生中断或事件时唤醒 CPU。

        2、停机模式

        停机模式基于 Cortex-M33 深度睡眠模式与外设时钟门控的组合。核心域中的所有时钟均停止。禁用 PLL、MSIS、MSIK、HSI16 和 HSE 振荡器，如果外设请求，则可以在停机 0、停机 1、或停机 2 模式下启用 MSIS、MSIK、HSI16。

        低功耗后台自主模式（LPBAM）

        一些外设是自主的，可以在需要时通过请求其内核时钟（最高 24MHz 的 MSIK，或 HSI16）及其总线（APB 或AHB）而在停机 0、停机 1、或停机 2 模式下运行，以便与 DMA（GPDMA1 或 LPDMA1，取决于外设和功耗模式）传输数据。

        3、待机模式

        待机模式实现在保留欠压复位功能时的最低功耗：关闭内部调压器，从而关闭核心域。PLL、MSI（MSIS 和MSIK）RC、HSI16 RC 和 HSE 晶振也会关闭。RTC 可保持激活状态。可选择保留 8、56 或 64 KB 的 SRAM2。可以施加内部上拉或下拉来保持 I/O 电平。唤醒后的系统时钟为 MSIS，最高 4MHz。

        4、关断模式

        关断模式下功耗达到最低。该模式基于深度睡眠模式，其中调压器被禁用。因此核心域断电。通过关闭内部稳压器，以及禁用耗电监控，该模式可实现最低电流消耗。借助某一个（共五个）唤醒引脚或复位引脚，能够从该模式唤醒。由低速外部振荡器（LSE）定时的 RTC 在此模式下也是起作用的，具有唤醒功能模式。

四、实测功耗数据

        1、配置工程

        1）直接使用STM32CubeMX根据板子创建工程

  

        2）不配置外设

  

        最后产生工程即可

        3）在main函数里面添加如下代码

<pre>
<code>HAL_Delay(5000);
//HAL_PWR_EnterSLEEPMode(PWR_MAINREGULATOR_ON, PWR_SLEEPENTRY_WFI);

//HAL_PWR_EnterSTOPMode(PWR_MAINREGULATOR_ON, PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

//HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP1Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

//HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP2Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

//HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP3Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

//HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();

//HAL_PWREx_EnterSHUTDOWNMode();</code></pre>

2、实测数据

默认时钟频率是16M

  

1）运行模式

16MHz运行模式 2.1mA;

  

160MHz 运行模式 7.4mA

  

2)休眠模式 1.9mA 和16M的运行模式差不多

  

3）停止模式

模式0和模式1功耗一致： 49.4uA;

  

模式2:：20.5uA;

  

模式3:7.2uA;

  

4）待机模式 0.6uA

  

5）关断模式 0.5uA

  

总结，从数据来看，STM32U5A5的低功耗模式下电流是很小的，在一些应用上可以做到很省电，不得不说，国内还没有哪家可以做到这么低了。

工程文件：

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小生意 发表于 2024-3-13 11:20

全是英文完全看不懂版主厉害

要是可以吧英文知识复制到我大脑就好了

怀揣少年梦 发表于 2024-3-13 13:03

小生意发表于 2024-3-13 11:20
全是英文完全看不懂版主厉害

要是可以吧英文知识复制到我大脑就好了

借助翻译软件，基本上还是可以看懂的

页: [1]

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【ST NUCLEO-U5A5ZJ-Q开发板测评】06 STM32U5系列的低功耗有多强