玩转RP2040之Python开发环境搭建
<div class='showpostmsg'><p><br /></p>
<p cid="n0" mdtype="paragraph">上篇文章：<a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1225624-1-1.html" target="_blank">玩转RP2040之开箱测评与上电运行</a>，介绍了RP2040的硬件和上电使用情况，本篇来进行软件开发环境的搭建。</p>
<p> </p>
<p cid="n2" mdtype="paragraph">RP2040支持Python或C语言开发，本篇使用Python来进行开发。</p>
<h1 cid="n3" mdtype="heading">1 软件环境搭建</h1>
<p cid="n4" mdtype="paragraph">这款RP2040板子与树莓派的另一款产品Pico的处理器都是RP2040，因此可以参考RaspberryPi Pico的教程：</p>
<p cid="n5" mdtype="paragraph"><a href="https://pico.wiki/index.php/2021/04/27/getting-started-with-raspberry-pi-pico-basic-intro.html">https://pico.wiki/index.php/2021/04/27/getting-started-with-raspberry-pi-pico-basic-intro.html</a></p>
<h2 cid="n6" mdtype="heading">1.1 下载Python固件</h2>
<p cid="n7" mdtype="paragraph">进入树莓派官网：<a href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/micropython.html">https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/micropython.html</a>，下载对应的Python固件，我下载的固件名称为：rp2-pico-20221116-unstable-v1.19.1-682-gd1ed0f161.uf2</p>
<p cid="n8" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n9" mdtype="paragraph">下载固件后，需要烧录到板子中，实际上，只需要将这个固件拖拽到板子中即可。</p>
<p cid="n10" mdtype="paragraph">操作步骤为：</p>
<ul cid="n11" data-mark="-" mdtype="list">
<li cid="n12" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n13" mdtype="paragraph">按下BOOT和RESET，然板子复位</p>
</li>
<li cid="n14" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n15" mdtype="paragraph">松开RESET（BOOT仍按下），然板子进入BOOT</p>
</li>
<li cid="n16" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n17" mdtype="paragraph">等电脑上弹出RPI-RP2的盘符（文件夹）后，可松开BOOT</p>
</li>
<li cid="n18" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n19" mdtype="paragraph">然后把下载的python固件拖拽到这个盘中即可</p>
</li>
<li cid="n20" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n21" mdtype="paragraph">拖拽成功后，盘符会自动消失，此时固件烧录工作即完成</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p cid="n22" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n23" mdtype="paragraph">注意，固件烧录后，板子自动的程序也会消失，所以此时再重启板子，会是黑屏状态。</p>
<h2 cid="n24" mdtype="heading">1.2 下载Thonny</h2>
<p cid="n25" mdtype="paragraph">Thonny为 一个面向初学者的Python IDE</p>
<p cid="n26" mdtype="paragraph">去Thonny官网：<a href="https://thonny.org/">https://thonny.org/</a> 下载Windows版的安装包，安装即可。</p>
<p cid="n27" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<h1 cid="n28" mdtype="heading">2 程序烧录测试</h1>
<p cid="n29" mdtype="paragraph">板子连接电脑，用Thonny打开Python例程，右下角切换到Pi Pico，然后点击左上角的下载键。</p>
<p cid="n30" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n31" mdtype="paragraph">下载完成后，即可看到程序的运行结果：</p>
<p cid="n32" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n33" mdtype="paragraph">注意，这种下载方式，程序还行没有固化到板子中，掉电重启后，程序也不在了，需要重新进行程序下载才能看到程序的运行。</p>
<h1 cid="n34" mdtype="heading">3 程序固化到板子中</h1>
<p cid="n35" mdtype="paragraph">研究了一下Thonny这个软件，发现可以将Python程序放到板子中，操作方法是点击菜单中的文件->另存为，会弹出一个窗口，提示保存到电脑还是Pico中，选择Pico后，即可保存python文件到板子中。</p>
<p cid="n36" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n37" mdtype="paragraph">在保存的时候，还可以重命名文件，如我的重命名为main.py。注意到，保存到板子中的文件，Thonny中的文件名会显示一个中括号，并且Thonny窗口的顶部信息也会显示此文件在Pico中。</p>
<p cid="n38" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n39" mdtype="paragraph">此时点击运行，运行的就是板子中的python程序，并且板子调电后，也能开机运行板子中的python程序，从而可以说明程序已经固化到板子中了。</p>
<h1 cid="n40" mdtype="heading">4 多文件项目结构</h1>
<p cid="n41" mdtype="paragraph">上面的测试程序，整个代码都是在一个.py文件中，不便于代码分类管理。实际上，我们可以将代码按功能进行拆分，也是也可在板子中运行的。我这里将LCD和IMU的代码单独分离出来，整理为3个文件：</p>
<ul cid="n42" data-mark="-" mdtype="list">
<li cid="n43" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n44" mdtype="paragraph">main.py</p>
</li>
<li cid="n45" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n46" mdtype="paragraph">mylcd.py</p>
</li>
<li cid="n47" mdtype="list_item">
<p cid="n48" mdtype="paragraph">myimu.py</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p cid="n49" mdtype="paragraph">注意，在运行时，需要将这3个文件都放到板子中再点击运行，不放到板子中，运行main.py，会报错找不到另外两个文件的。</p>
<p cid="n50" mdtype="paragraph">main.py</p>
<pre style="background:#555; padding:10px; color:#ddd !important;">
from machine import Pin,I2C,SPI,PWM,ADC
import mylcd
import myimu
import time
Vbat_Pin = 29
#主函数
if __name__=='__main__':
#LCD
LCD = mylcd.LCD_GC9A01A()
LCD.set_bl_pwm(65535)
#IMU
qmi8658=myimu.IMU_QMI8658C()
#ADC
Vbat= ADC(Pin(Vbat_Pin))
while(True):
#read QMI8658
xyz=qmi8658.Read_XYZ()
LCD.fill(LCD.white)
LCD.fill_rect(0,0,240,40,LCD.red)
LCD.text("RP2040-LCD-1.28",60,25,LCD.white)
LCD.fill_rect(0,40,240,40,LCD.blue)
LCD.text("Waveshare",80,57,LCD.white)
LCD.fill_rect(0,80,120,120,0x1805)
LCD.text("ACC_X={:+.2f}".format(xyz),20,100-3,LCD.white)
LCD.text("ACC_Y={:+.2f}".format(xyz),20,140-3,LCD.white)
LCD.text("ACC_Z={:+.2f}".format(xyz),20,180-3,LCD.white)
LCD.fill_rect(120,80,120,120,0xF073)
LCD.text("GYR_X={:+3.2f}".format(xyz),125,100-3,LCD.white)
LCD.text("GYR_Y={:+3.2f}".format(xyz),125,140-3,LCD.white)
LCD.text("GYR_Z={:+3.2f}".format(xyz),125,180-3,LCD.white)
LCD.fill_rect(0,200,240,40,0x180f)
reading = Vbat.read_u16()*3.3/65535*2
LCD.text("Vbat={:.2f}".format(reading),80,215,LCD.white)
LCD.show()
time.sleep(0.1)</pre>
<p cid="n52" mdtype="paragraph">myimu.py</p>
<pre style="background:#555; padding:10px; color:#ddd !important;">
from machine import Pin,I2C,SPI,PWM,ADC
I2C_SDA = 6
I2C_SDL = 7
#IMU传感器--IIC接口
class IMU_QMI8658C(object):
def __init__(self,address=0X6B):
self._address = address
self._bus = I2C(id=1,scl=Pin(I2C_SDL),sda=Pin(I2C_SDA),freq=100_000)
bRet=self.WhoAmI()
if bRet :
self.Read_Revision()
else :
return NULL
self.Config_apply()
def _read_byte(self,cmd):
rec=self._bus.readfrom_mem(int(self._address),int(cmd),1)
return rec
def _read_block(self, reg, length=1):
rec=self._bus.readfrom_mem(int(self._address),int(reg),length)
return rec
def _read_u16(self,cmd):
LSB = self._bus.readfrom_mem(int(self._address),int(cmd),1)
MSB = self._bus.readfrom_mem(int(self._address),int(cmd)+1,1)
return (MSB << 8) + LSB
def _write_byte(self,cmd,val):
self._bus.writeto_mem(int(self._address),int(cmd),bytes())
def WhoAmI(self):
bRet=False
if (0x05) == self._read_byte(0x00):
bRet = True
return bRet
def Read_Revision(self):
return self._read_byte(0x01)
def Config_apply(self):
# REG CTRL1
self._write_byte(0x02,0x60)
# REG CTRL2 : QMI8658AccRange_8gand QMI8658AccOdr_1000Hz
self._write_byte(0x03,0x23)
# REG CTRL3 : QMI8658GyrRange_512dps and QMI8658GyrOdr_1000Hz
self._write_byte(0x04,0x53)
# REG CTRL4 : No
self._write_byte(0x05,0x00)
# REG CTRL5 : Enable Gyroscope And Accelerometer Low-Pass Filter
self._write_byte(0x06,0x11)
# REG CTRL6 : Disables Motion on Demand.
self._write_byte(0x07,0x00)
# REG CTRL7 : Enable Gyroscope And Accelerometer
self._write_byte(0x08,0x03)
def Read_Raw_XYZ(self):
xyz=
raw_timestamp = self._read_block(0x30,3)
raw_acc_xyz=self._read_block(0x35,6)
raw_gyro_xyz=self._read_block(0x3b,6)
raw_xyz=self._read_block(0x35,12)
timestamp = (raw_timestamp<<16)|(raw_timestamp<<8)|(raw_timestamp)
for i in range(6):
# xyz=(raw_acc_xyz[(i*2)+1]<<8)|(raw_acc_xyz)
# xyz=(raw_gyro_xyz[((i+3)*2)+1]<<8)|(raw_gyro_xyz[(i+3)*2])
xyz = (raw_xyz[(i*2)+1]<<8)|(raw_xyz)
if xyz >= 32767:
xyz = xyz-65535
return xyz
def Read_XYZ(self):
xyz=
raw_xyz=self.Read_Raw_XYZ()
#QMI8658AccRange_8g
acc_lsb_div=(1<<12)
#QMI8658GyrRange_512dps
gyro_lsb_div = 64
for i in range(3):
xyz=raw_xyz/acc_lsb_div#(acc_lsb_div/1000.0)
xyz=raw_xyz*1.0/gyro_lsb_div
return xyz</pre>
<p cid="n54" mdtype="paragraph">mylcd.py</p>
<pre style="background:#555; padding:10px; color:#ddd !important;">
from machine import Pin,I2C,SPI,PWM,ADC
import framebuf
import time
DC = 8
CS = 9
SCK = 10
MOSI = 11
RST = 12
BL = 25
#屏幕--SPI接口
class LCD_GC9A01A(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self):
self.width = 240 #屏幕宽度
self.height = 240 #屏幕高度
self.cs = Pin(CS,Pin.OUT)
self.rst = Pin(RST,Pin.OUT)
self.cs(1)
self.spi = SPI(1,100_000_000,polarity=0, phase=0,sck=Pin(SCK),mosi=Pin(MOSI),miso=None)
self.dc = Pin(DC,Pin.OUT)
self.dc(1)
self.buffer = bytearray(self.height * self.width * 2)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.RGB565)
self.init_display()
self.red = 0x07E0
self.green = 0x001f
self.blue= 0xf800
self.white = 0xffff
self.fill(self.white) #先填充为白色
self.show()
self.pwm = PWM(Pin(BL))
self.pwm.freq(5000)
#省略......</pre>
<p cid="n56" mdtype="paragraph">将这3个文件保存到板子中的演示图如下，可以看到3个文件名都有中括号：</p>
<p cid="n57" mdtype="paragraph"></p>
<p cid="n58" mdtype="paragraph">在main.py上运行，可以运行成功，说明程序在板子中运行正常。</p>
<h1 cid="n59" mdtype="heading">5 总结</h1>
<p cid="n60" mdtype="paragraph">本篇介绍了RP2040的Python软件开发环境搭建，并进行了程序烧录测试、代码固化到板子中测试，Python项目拆分为多个文件运行测试。Thonny这个软件第一次用，可能还有一些功能没探索到，大家有哪里使用心得欢迎讨论分享。</p>
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dcexpert 发表于 2022-11-27 10:42
thonny可以通过串口输出数据，自动画出折线图，这个功能比较有用
<p>又get到一个未探索的功能，有时间试试<img height="48" src="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/static/editor/plugins/hkemoji/sticker/facebook/handshake.gif" width="48" /></p>
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