《运算放大器参数解析与LTspice应用仿真》读书笔记：第一章运算放大器基础
<h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">以下为自己学习时做的笔记和自己的理解，后面没有标识的是自己还欠缺的理解的部分，随着学习再整理，笔记中有理解错误，或者表述错误的还请各位指正，多谢各位</span></span></h1><h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="240%"><span style="font-family:等线"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="240%">一、理想放大器的参数</span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">1、开环差模电压增益无穷大 Aodc =∞； （可以放大任意倍数）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">2、差模输入电阻无穷大 Rid =∞ （对输入信号源无影响，可以获取输入源的全部“能量”）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">3、没有输入偏执电流 Ib+=Ib-=0； </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">4、没有输入失调电压 Vos=0; （输入为0时输出为0）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">5、共模抑制比无穷大 Kcmmr=∞；</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">6输出电阻无穷小 Ro=0； （输出功率无限制）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">7、-3dB截止频率无穷高 fH=∞; （无带宽限制）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">8、内部没有电压，无电流噪声，不受温度影响； （良好的稳定性）</span></span></p>
<h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="240%"><span style="font-family:等线"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="240%">二、放大器的组成</span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">偏执电路（采用直流源电路，提供静态工作点）</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输入级：</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输入阻抗高</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">共模抑制能力强</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">静态电流小</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">中间级</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">多采用共射（共源）放大电路</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">电压增益的主要点</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">放大能力强</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输出级</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">互补对称放大电路（图腾柱电路）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输出动态范围大</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">非线性失真小</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">输出阻抗小-》带负载能力强</span></span></p>
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<h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="240%"><span style="font-family:等线"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="240%"><span style="color:white">三</span></span></span><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="240%">三、放大器分类</span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">生产工艺分类</span></span></p>
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<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">双极型 输入偏执电流及器件功耗较大（NPN,PNP） </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">Bi-FET 型 结型和MOS型 输入阻抗高，信号频带宽，电压转换率快（J-FET。电流放大型较多）</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">COMS型 （低功耗型，轨到轨型）</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">组合结构型 （高压，高速，高输出电流 ）</span></span></li>
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<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">按产品参数分类</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">通用型</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">专用型</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 仪表放大器（低压小信号）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 全差分放大器（可以输入较高共模电压）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 跨阻放大器 （输入电流，输出电压 A=Y(输出电压)/X(输入电流)）</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 电流检测放大器 （I-V转换，I->IRsense->Vin->A*Vin>Vout ，低端电流检测（浮地），高端电流检测（共地，输入共模电压高），双向电流检测（通常有偏执电路，为输入0A提供一个静态工作电压（单电压））</span></span></p>
<h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="240%"><span style="font-family:等线"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="240%">四、放大器反馈方式</span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">、正反馈 施密特触发器 比较器（开环，输出为高或者低，单电源（输出高 VCC,输出低0,双电源（输出高VCC，输出低 VEE,））</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">、负反馈 输入端“虚短”，“虚断”</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">五、基本电路分析</span></b></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">KCL(</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">支路分析，运放中最常用的)</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> KVL</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">（整体分析时）</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">六 叠加定理（适用于线性电路）</span></b></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">求和电路，差动电路</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">七、运放放大电路基础电路</span></b></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">1.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">反相放大电路 输入输出极性相反 G=Vo/Vin = -Rf/Rg;</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">2.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">同相放大电路 输入输出极性相同 G=Vo/Vin =1+ Rf/Rg;</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">3.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">求和电路 反相放大电路+叠加定理</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">4.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">积分电路 I=C*du/dt </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> du=1/C*Idt </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> ∫du =∫1/C*Idt</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> Uc(t)=1/C*</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">∫Ic(t)dt </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> Ic=Vin/Rin</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> Uc(t)=(1/(Rin*C))*</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">∫Vin(t)dt</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:140px; text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"> </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">5.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">微分电路 需要再学习</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:等线"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">6.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">差动电路 反相放大电路+同相放大电路+叠加定理</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"> </p>
<p>期待后续，并动手实践，相信会有所收获的 哈哈</p>
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