IFY 发表于 2020-8-13 10:00

直流电机控制系统

本帖最后由 IFY 于 2020-8-13 09:59 编辑

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<p align="center" style="margin-top:31px; margin-bottom:31px; text-align:center"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection1"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><a name="_Toc169531234"></a><a name="_Toc169531127"></a><a name="_Toc177972378"></a><a name="_Toc169776804"></a><a name="_Toc169709665"></a><a name="_Toc169703550"></a><a name="_Toc169531621"></a><a name="_Toc169531231"></a><a name="_Toc169531124"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">摘</span></span></b></a><b>&nbsp; </b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">要</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection1"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:top"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">本设计以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">STM32F407ZGT6</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">单片机为控制核心,采用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BOOST</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">升压电路产生电机需要的电源,通过辅助电源实现单片机和其他模块供电,使用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动电机,利用精密电阻对升压模块输出电流进行高端取样,实现了一个直流电机控制检测系统的设计。本设计实现为电机提供稳定</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+15V</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">动力电源、其他模块提供</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5V</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">稳定电源;实现电机驱动、编码器和电流反馈两种方式控制电机运动;将信号进行调理后得到信号由单片机内部</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样,能实现电机电流检测,并</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">WIFI</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">模块传输至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PC</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">端显示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection1"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:top"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">经过最终的级联和调试,本系统实现了题目的要求的部分功能,符合题目要求指标。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px; text-indent:27.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection1"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">关键词:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">boost</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">升压;</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动;</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

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<h1 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:23px; margin-bottom:22px"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="line-height:240%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、系统方案</span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>

<h2 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:18px; margin-bottom:18px"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:16pt"><span style="line-height:173%"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:normal">1.</span><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">方案分析与比较</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.3pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)电源模块方案选择</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案一:采用集成的开关电源芯片</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">集成的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源芯片如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">TL3579</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">LM25118</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">等,此类芯片仅需要再外部加入阻容元件,即可实现升压,方案简便,但由于集成芯片的散热相对分离原件普遍偏低,因此不太适用于电流要求比较大的场合。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案二:采用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">升压电路。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采用了</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">开关结构,使用阻容原件,开关晶体管(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOS</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BJT</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">等)、</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PWM</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">驱动芯片和</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PWM</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">产生元件搭建而成。结构相对复杂,但是由于散热比较好,比较适用于本次需要</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3A</span></i><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电流的应用场合。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">综上所述,选择方案二。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.3pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> H</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动方案选择</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案一:采用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动芯片</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动芯片</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">L928N</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,集成了</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">路的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥电路,还带</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PWM</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">控制和电流采集,但要求电机驱动电压要比控制逻辑电压高</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2.5V</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,且该方案功率在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥电路上的损耗太大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案二:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOS</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">管桥</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:21.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOS</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">管桥驱动效率最高,结构也不是很复杂,但如果时序不对容易造成桥直通,烧毁</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOS</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">管,使用时需要注意这一点。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">综上所述,选择方案二。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.3pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样模块方案选择</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案一:使用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ADS122C04</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ADS122C04</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">是一款</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">24</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">位精密模数转换器使用集成,精度高,数据采集误差较小。缺点:电路制作复杂,成本较高。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案二:使用单片机内部</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">STM32F4</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">是</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">12</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">位逐次逼近型的模拟数字转换器,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ADC</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的最大转换速率为</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2.4MHz</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">。可满足题目中的精度要求,无需外部电路,成本较低,电路简单。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">综上所述,选择方案二。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.3pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">4</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)电流检测方式选择</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案一:使用霍尔传感器。整个工作区域内输出特性是线性的,功耗小,测量频带宽,使用极为方便可靠。缺点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333">成本高,技术含量高,占用驱动系统的电路板的空间体积大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">方案二:使用电阻高端采样。使用电阻本身电感值很小,频率响应特性优异,除了可以广泛用于交、直流电路外,还可应用于中、高频电路。伏安特性为线性,温度特性良好,满足本实验的精度要求。制作简单,价格占有绝对优势。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">综上所述,选择方案二。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<h2 align="left" style="margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:left"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:16pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">2.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">系统总体方案设计</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>

<p class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:top"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">本设计通过降压模块给</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">STM32F407ZGT6</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">单片机、电流检测电路供电,升压模块给电机驱动模块供电。单片机利用反馈控制升压电路输出,通过屏幕按键选择电机控制方式为编码器速度反馈方式或者电流反馈方式控制物体运动。利用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">WIFI</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">模块将电流检测模块、转速检测模块数据发送至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PC</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">机,并通过屏幕显示数据。系统总体框图,如图</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>

<p align="center" style="margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1 </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">系统结构框图</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<h1 style="margin-top:22px; margin-bottom:22px; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:楷体_GB2312">二、理论分析与计算</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>

<h2 align="left" style="margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:left"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:16pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">1.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">电源升压理论分析与计算</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2 </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源升压理论分析模型图</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源升压理论分析模型如图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。升压电路采用</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">变换器基本拓扑结构,同时加入软件反馈形成闭环控制。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C1</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C3</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C4</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">实现电源输入输出的滤波,降低电源纹波。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">R2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">防止充电时冲击电流对电路产生影响,阻值选择</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">10&Omega;</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,阻值过大会影响变换效率。选用开关速度快的</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOSFET</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">场效应管,电感参数计算如下,占空比</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">D</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">计算:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="right" style="text-align:right; text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="word-break:break-all"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="word-break:break-all"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电感值计算:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="right" style="text-align:right; text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="word-break:break-all"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:15.0pt">&nbsp;</span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">2.</span></span><b><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">电流采样理论分析与计算</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">采样的电阻不易选取过大,一是因为电阻越大,在采样电阻上消耗的电流也就越大,降低了电源的效率,二是电阻越大,则采样电阻的功耗越高,温漂也相应增大;采样电阻同样不宜选取过小,因为电阻小则转换的电压就小,信号调理过程中的输入小,需要放大的倍数也比较大,对输入噪声和偏置的控制要求也就更加严格,增加系统的设计难度。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">本次设计的采样电流最高约为</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3A</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,选取毫欧级别的电阻比较合适,这里选用</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">10m&Omega;</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的精密电阻,采集转换到的电压范围为</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">0~30mV</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,系统采样的是单片机内部</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ADC</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">进行采样,其采集电压的范围为</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">0~3.3V</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,此时计算得到需要的放大倍数约为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">100</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">倍。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">放大电路采用的是</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">TI</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的精密仪表放大器</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">INA128</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,通过调节</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Rg</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">实现对放大倍数</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">G</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的控制,其公式如下:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="layout-grid:15.6pt 0pt"><span style="page:WordSection2"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">计算可得:</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Rg=511&Omega;</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,即可对信号放大</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">100</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">倍,而后通过低通滤波器将不在有用信号带宽内的信号滤除,即送至单片机内部</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ADC</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">进行采样。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:楷体_GB2312">三、硬件电路设计</span></span></span></span></span></h1>

<h2 align="left" style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">1.BOOST</span></span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体"><span style="font-weight:normal">升压电路设计</span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>

<p align="left" style="text-align:left; text-indent:23.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">由于本系统的电源为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+12V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,而电机需要</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+15V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的动力电源,为了满足电源的需求,需要通过</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">DC-DC</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">升压电路产生</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+15V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的电源。本设计选择</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电路即可达到题目对电压、电流、效率、纹波的指标。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">12V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源输入模块后,经过</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C1</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">、</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C2</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">滤波后,通过</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电路,然后再经过</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C3</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">和</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">C4</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">滤波得到</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+15V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的输出。其中场效应管的开断是通过单片机输出</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PWM</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">来控制的,而单片机的输出驱动电流不能达到场效应管的要求,因此,本设计采用</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">IR2110</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">芯片设计了场效应管的驱动电路,驱动输出接入</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Boost</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电路中的</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">LO</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">和</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">HO</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3 Boost</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">升压电路</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="left" style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">2.</span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">辅助电源电路设计</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">辅助电源电路如图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">4</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。本次设计需要</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+5V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">和</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">-5V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的电源供给信号调理模块使用,另外需要</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3.3V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的电源供单片机使用,其中产生</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">+5V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">和</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">-5V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源采用了</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">TI</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的开关电源芯片</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">TPS54340</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的降压电路解决方案和负电源产生方案。另外,单片机的</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3.3V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电源是利用线性稳压器</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AMS1117-3.3V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">产生的。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">4 </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">辅助产生负电源电路</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="left" style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">3.</span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">电流采样电路设计</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电流采样电路采用的是精密电阻采样的方案,电路如图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。精密电阻</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">R1</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">10m&Omega;</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,采样后转换的电压约为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">30mV</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">。因此,本次设计需要对该采样的电压进行放大,使用</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">TI</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的仪表放大器</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">INA128</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,设置放大</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">100</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">倍,即可得到</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3V</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">左右的电压。由于电流采样的带宽为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1kHz</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,因此需要对放大后的信号进行滤波,采用</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">OP07</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">运放,搭建</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Sallen-Key</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">结构,截止频率为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5kHz</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">的二阶低通滤波器,可以实现在</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1kHz</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">带宽内有效信号不会衰减,而噪声则可以得到充分的滤除。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0pt"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电流采样电路</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="left" style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:黑体">4.</span></span><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">电机驱动电路设计</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:21.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电机控制电路采用的是</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥驱动,本次设计利用两个半桥电路组成一个</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">H</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">桥电路,半桥电路由驱动芯片</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">IR2104</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">和两个</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOS</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">管构成。其中,</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">IR2104</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">型半桥驱动芯片能够驱动高端和低端两个</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">N</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">沟道</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MOSFET</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,能提供较大的栅极驱动电流,并具有硬件死区、硬件防同臂导通等功用。图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">为半桥电路的结构图。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0pt"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">5 </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">电机驱动半桥电路</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<h1 style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:楷体_GB2312">四、软件程序设计</span></span></span></span></span></h1>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">根据题目要求,采用</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">STM32</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">单片机作为主控,并测定电机电流及电机转速相关信息。主程序流程图如图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">6</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0pt"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">6&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">主程序流程图</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">主程序流程图如图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">6</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">所示。程序首先进行初始化配置,包括</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">IO</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">口初始化,电机初始化,</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PWM</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">初始化,然后根据题目要求进行功能选择,当选择电机电流测试时,</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AD</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">对采样电阻进行采样,然后转换成电流值,通过</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">WiFi</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">传输给电脑;当选择电机转速时,通过读取转子位置,获取给定位置,然后进入中断服务程序,对电机进行相关的条件,整个过程中对速度、距离进行测量,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">并将瞬时测量结果通过</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.5pt">WiFi</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">传输至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.5pt">PC</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:24.0pt"></p>

<p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:23.2pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">图</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">7 </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">中断服务程序</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<h1 style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:22pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><a name="_Toc177972388"><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:楷体_GB2312">五、总结</span></span></a></span></span></span></h1>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">本设计完成了一个电流反馈型直流电机控制系统、完成相应的测试装置。实现升压电路和辅助电源两个模块实现系统供电,设计了电机驱动电路、电流检测电和两种方式控制电机运动,并对系统电机电流和转速,相应检测数据实现显示和</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">PC</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">端的传输。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:23.2pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:22.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">实现了题目要求的部分功能,符合题目要求指标。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

qwqwqw2088 发表于 2020-8-13 14:59

<p>比较关心的是12V电源输入模块后,经过C1、C2滤波后,通过Boost电路,然后再经过C3和C4滤波得到+15V的输出,,,</p>

城市之石 发表于 2020-9-2 22:22

<p>很有参考价值</p>

mkbk12138 发表于 2023-9-8 09:04

<p>我的升压部分跟题主的差不多,好奇boost部分的升压计算?</p>
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