tagetage 发表于 2020-8-12 20:20

【树莓派4B测评】树莓派4开箱安装系统及基础设置

<div class='showpostmsg'> 本帖最后由 tagetage 于 2020-8-12 20:27 编辑

<p style="text-indent:10.5pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">首先感谢</span>EEworld<span style="font-family:宋体">举办这次树莓派</span>4<span style="font-family:宋体">的测评活动,自己有幸参加,这是我的第一篇测评报告,分为以下几个方面测评。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">一,树莓派4的简单介绍。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">二,树莓派4最小硬件系统的组装。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">三,树莓派系统的安装。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">四,树莓派4的分辨率设置。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">五,进入树莓派系统。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">六,总结。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">一,树莓派4的简单介绍(引于网络)。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Raspberry Pi<span style="font-family:宋体">是只有信用卡大小的微型电脑,中文名为&ldquo;树莓派&rdquo;,其系统基于</span>Linux<span style="font-family:宋体">,是为学习计算机编程教育而设计。树莓派基金会在</span>2019<span style="font-family:宋体">年</span>6<span style="font-family:宋体">月发布了第四代树莓派。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">树莓派</span>4<span style="font-family:宋体">的技术规格</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●处理器:博通</span>BCM2711<span style="font-family:宋体">,四核</span>Cortex-A72<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>64<span style="font-family:宋体">位</span>SoC<span style="font-family:宋体">、主频</span>1.5GHz</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2GB<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>4GB<span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>8GB LPDDR4 SDRAM<span style="font-family:宋体">(取决于型号)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●连接性:双频</span>IEEE 802.11ac<span style="font-family:宋体">无线</span>+<span style="font-family:宋体">蓝牙</span>5.0</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●千兆以太网</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">&times;</span>USB 3.0<span style="font-family:宋体">端口</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">&times;</span>USB 2.0<span style="font-family:宋体">端口</span>   </span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>GPIO<span style="font-family:宋体">:向前兼容树莓派的标准</span>40<span style="font-family:宋体">针引脚</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●视频和声音:</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">&times;</span>micro-HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">输出(</span>4KP60<span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>4KP30<span style="font-family:宋体">)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">通道</span>MIPI DSI<span style="font-family:宋体">显示端口</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">通道</span>MIPI CSI<span style="font-family:宋体">摄像头端口</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>4<span style="font-family:宋体">极立体声音频和复合视频端口</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●多媒体:</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>HEVC / H.265<span style="font-family:宋体">(</span>4kp60 <span style="font-family:宋体">解码)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>AVC&nbsp; / H.264<span style="font-family:宋体">(</span>1080P60<span style="font-family:宋体">解码</span>/1080P30<span style="font-family:宋体">编码)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>OpenGL ES 3.0 GPU</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●存储:</span>Micro SD<span style="font-family:宋体">卡槽,用于加载操作系统和数据存储</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●电源输入:</span>5V DC<span style="font-family:宋体">(</span>USB-C<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>3A<span style="font-family:宋体">)、</span>GPIO<span style="font-family:宋体">接头支持</span>5V DC @ 3A<span style="font-family:宋体">、或以太网供电(需单独的</span>PoE HAT<span style="font-family:宋体">)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">●</span>5V 3A<span style="font-family:宋体">电源输入</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">二,树莓派4最小硬件系统的组装。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">树莓派最小硬件系统包括主板,电源,</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡(用于存储系统),</span>Micro HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">线,,显示器,键盘和鼠标,另外最好主板有一个外壳。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">这次我选用的外壳是某宝购买的官方外壳和</span>Micro HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">线,</span>5V<span style="font-family:宋体">电源采用闲置的</span>OPPO<span style="font-family:宋体">手机的</span>5V4A<span style="font-family:宋体">充电头和</span>OPPO<span style="font-family:宋体">的</span>TYPE-C<span style="font-family:宋体">电源线。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">下面是最小系统的全家福。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">三,树莓派系统的安装。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">1,<span style="font-family:宋体">到树莓派官方网址下载安装包。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">树莓派网址</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">2<span style="font-family:宋体">,树莓派镜像系统现在有</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">种安装方式。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">第一种方式是在线安装。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Windows<span style="font-family:宋体">下的安装工具下载地址为:</span>https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager_1.4.exe</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">第一种在线安装方式见下图,</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">等待了</span>20<span style="font-family:宋体">多分钟,写入的进度条一点也没变化,应该是网络等问题在线下载不了安装包,我这种在线安装方式失败,这时候我将</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡放到读卡器在电脑上已经无法识别</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡,需要使用</span>SDFormatter<span style="font-family:宋体">软件(附件有下载)对</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡进行格式化。在线安装方式失败后我决定采用第二种安装方式。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">第二种方式是下载安装包后自己用工具写入</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">有</span>3<span style="font-family:宋体">个安装包可供选择下载。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">精简版</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">解压后</span>1.8G<span style="font-family:宋体">,建议用</span>4G TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡安装</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">下载地址:</span><a href="https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_lite_armhf_latest.torrent" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_lite_armhf_latest.torrent</a></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">普通版</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">解压后</span>3.8G&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">建议用</span>8G TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡安装</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">下载地址:</span><a href="https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_armhf_latest.torrent" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_armhf_latest.torrent</a></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">全功能版</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">解压后</span>7.3G&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">建议用</span>16G TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡安装</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">下载地址:</span><a href="https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_full_armhf_latest.torrent" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_full_armhf_latest.torrent</a></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">3<span style="font-family:宋体">,下载后使用软件</span> Win32DiskImager.rar <span style="font-family:宋体">(附件有下载)将</span>IMG<span style="font-family:宋体">文件写入</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">四,树莓派4的分辨率设置</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:10.5pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">TF<span style="font-family:宋体">写入成功后要放到读卡器里,在电脑里更改一下配置文件,设定</span>HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">分辨率后才能放入树莓派上。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:10.5pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">写好树莓派系统的</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡上会有两个分区,一个是</span>FAT<span style="font-family:宋体">分区,在</span>Windows<span style="font-family:宋体">下能看到,一个是</span>Linux<span style="font-family:宋体">分区,在</span>Windows<span style="font-family:宋体">下看不到;在</span>Windows<span style="font-family:宋体">下要修改</span>config.txt<span style="font-family:宋体">来修改</span>HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">输出分辨率。这个</span>config.txt<span style="font-family:宋体">是一个</span>unix<span style="font-family:宋体">格式的</span>txt<span style="font-family:宋体">文件,也就是说</span>windows<span style="font-family:宋体">的&ldquo;记事本&rdquo;打开它看上去没有换行,你可以使用&ldquo;写字板&rdquo;来修改。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:10.5pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:宋体">一般情况下对</span>config.txt<span style="font-family:宋体">做如下修改就可以使用</span>HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">输出</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-indent:10.5pt; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">hdmi_force_hotplug=1&nbsp;&nbsp; //<span style="font-family:宋体">取消前面</span>#<span style="font-family:宋体">的注释</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">强制使用</span>HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">输出(强行认为</span>HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">口已经插入了设备)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">hdmi_group=2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //<span style="font-family:宋体">取消前面</span>#<span style="font-family:宋体">的注释,并修改为</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">。这是为了使用显示器模式输出。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:112px; text-indent:-84.0pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">hdmi_mode=28&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //<span style="font-family:宋体">取消前面</span>#<span style="font-family:宋体">的注释,并修改值为</span>28<span style="font-family:宋体">。(我的显示器分辨率为</span>1280x800 //60Hz<span style="font-family:宋体">所以我选择</span>28<span style="font-family:宋体">,你要根据自己的显示器的分辨率选择对应的号码)</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">五,进入树莓派系统。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">将</span>TF<span style="font-family:宋体">卡插入到树莓派的卡槽中,如果只有一条</span>Micro HDMI<span style="font-family:宋体">线的话请连接到树莓派的</span>HDMI0<span style="font-family:宋体">口,上电开机就能看到树莓派的界面了。然后进行简单的设置就可以使用。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; <span style="font-family:宋体">然后选择地区,语言,可以更改密码,最后重启,树莓派系统正式安装完毕。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">六,总结。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; 1<span style="font-family:宋体">,树莓派</span>4<span style="font-family:宋体">与上一代产品树莓派</span>3B+<span style="font-family:宋体">相比,</span>CPU,<span style="font-family:宋体">内存,网络,视频输出等方面有明显的提升。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; 2<span style="font-family:宋体">,树莓派增加了一个网络在线安装方式,但由于某些网络原因(被墙),不能使用。</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>
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okhxyyo 发表于 2020-8-14 20:14

<p><span style="font-size:16px;">树莓派4B测评汇总:</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1137107-1-1.html">https://bbs.eeworld.com.cn/thread-1137107-1-1.html</a></span></p>

shihuntaotie 发表于 2020-8-13 12:05

<p>网络安装在国内就是好看的。</p>

damiaa 发表于 2020-8-13 12:30

<p>开始玩了,谢谢分享!!!</p>
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