【案例分享】Rigol频谱仪基站信号测试与蓝牙跳频信号测试
<p style="text-indent:25.6000pt; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">西安某实验室在做信号测试时，发现数据总有比较高的底部噪声。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">西安安泰</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">测试工程师怀疑实验室周围有无线电发射装置影响，于是利用</font>Rigol基础款频谱仪RSA3030，在关闭测试信号的条件下测试底噪频谱，通过频谱范围和频谱模式分析，发现问题由周边通讯基站功率过大造成。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">Rigol RSA3030作为支持扫频和实时频谱分析的入门级频谱仪，具备9kHz~3GHz的频谱范围，显示平均噪声电平DANL<-161 dBm，足够应对通信频段信号测试与分析。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">图</font>1 测试环境</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="p" style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><b><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-weight:bold"><font face="宋体">具体实际测试方法如下：</font></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">设置好分辨率带宽，检波方式、起始频率和终止频率，当频谱仪扫出迹线后进行测量，打开峰值表可以直观统计出扫宽范围内的最大峰值。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><font face="宋体">图</font>2 通信频段870MHz-2.7GHz全频段扫频峰值</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="p" style="margin-right:8px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">如下为运营商的基站下行频段频谱测试：</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="p" style="margin-right:8px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">移动下行</font>2G（GSM900制式）：935-954MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">图</font>3 935-954MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">电信下行</font>2G（CDMA制式）：870-885MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><font face="宋体">图</font>4 870-885MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">联通下行</font>2G（GSM900制式）：954-960MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><font face="宋体">图</font>5 954-960MHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">Rigol RSA3000系列频谱仪具备峰值表统计功能，通过设置好峰值判断阈值，就能直观的看到当前窗口的频谱峰值。 </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">当我们要分析蓝牙信号时，扫频式频谱仪就存在扫描时间长难以捕获跳频信号问题，这时我们需要用实时频谱仪进行分析。由于实时频谱仪具备通过快速傅里叶变换得到信号频谱，类似蓝牙这样的跳频、偶发等频谱信号可以快速进行捕获。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><font face="宋体">图</font>6 中心频率在2.4GHz附近的蓝牙信号频谱</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="margin-right:8px; margin-left:8px; text-indent:21.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">从测试数据可以看出，基站下行频率的功耗是非常小的，国家规定的基站功耗可以达到</font>40W，但由于空间的衰减，实际到我们的移动终端接收到的也只有-60dBm左右，因此对远场信号的测量一定要选择频谱仪DANL小、分辨率带宽小、有内置预放等优点的，这样在我们的实际工程测试中，才能以最便利的方式完成测试测量。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#5f9cef"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#ffffff"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">RSA3000系列实时频谱分析仪性能指标</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">采用</font>Ultra Real技术</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">频率范围最高可达</font>4.5 GHz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">显示平均噪声电平</font>DANL<-161 dBm（典型值）</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">相位噪声</font><-102 dBc/Hz（典型值）</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">电平测量不确定度</font><1.0 dB</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">频率最高达</font>4.5 GHz的跟踪源</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">分辨率带宽</font>RBW最小可为1 Hz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">可达</font>40 MHz实时分析带宽</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">具备多种测量模式</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">配有丰富的高级测量功能</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">EMI测量应用软件（选件）</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">多种触发模式与触发模板</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">提供概率密度谱、光谱等多种显示方式，呈现实时测量结果</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">选配上位机软件</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">10.1英寸多点触摸屏，支持手势操作</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-indent:0.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="letter-spacing:0.4000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal">USB、LAN、HDMI等通信和显示接口</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>西安某实验室在做信号测试时，发现数据总有比较高的底部噪声。</p>
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